ArticleApplied microbiology and biotechnology2020
C/N ratio and carbon source-dependent lipid production profiling in Rhodotorula toruloides.
Article in Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 148 citations in OpenAlex.
- Conversion of minimally processed Sargassum to lipids with the yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides.Biotechnology letters · 2026Article
- Process Engineering Strategies for Microbial Lipid Production: From Strain Evolution to Industrial-Scale Bioprocessing.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Metabolic Engineering ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Rhodotorula toruloides for carotenoid production using waste hardwood biomass.Biotechnology for biofuels and bioproducts · 2026Article
- Blue LED-assisted bioreactor cultivation enhances carotenoid accumulation in Rhodotorula mucilaginosa LB-01.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Biotechnological conversion of olive mill wastewater and cheese whey into functional compounds with Rhodotorula glutinis.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2025Article
- Oleaginous yeasts from Brazilian Cerrado for sustainable biodiesel production using crude glycerol.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2025Article
- Microbial production of torulene and its potential applications: a review.Food science and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Ethylene glycol metabolism in the oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula toruloides.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Cost-effective production of squalene using Yarrowia lipolytica via metabolic engineering and fermentation engineering.Biotechnology letters · 2025Article
- The role of ATP citrate lyase, phosphoketolase, and malic enzyme in oleaginous Rhodotorula toruloides.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Enhancing Mezcal Production Efficiency by Adding an Inoculant of NativeFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Fungal communities in Florida salt marsh mosquito midguts vary between species and over time but have low structure.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Research progress on carotenoid production by Rhodosporidium toruloides.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Review
- Biotechnological potential of red yeast isolated from birch forests in Poland.Biotechnology letters · 2024Article
- Oleaginous fungi: a promising source of biofuels and nutraceuticals with enhanced lipid production strategies.Archives of microbiology · 2024Review
- High-throughput screening of non-conventional yeasts for conversion of organic waste to microbial oils via carboxylate platform.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Nitrogen starvation causes lipid remodeling in Rhodotorula toruloides.Microbial cell factories · 2024Article
- Dissecting Holistic Metabolic Acclimatization ofBiology · 2024Article
- Nitrogen limitation-induced adaptive response and lipogenesis in the Antarctic yeastFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Microbial oils are lipids produced by oleaginous microorganisms, which can be used as a potential feedstock for oleochemical production. The oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula toruloides can co-produce microbial oils and high-value compounds from low-cost substrates, such as xylose and acetic acid (from hemicellulosic hydrolysates) and raw glycerol (a byproduct of biodiesel production). One step towards economic viability is identifying the best conditions for lipid production, primarily the most suitable carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N). Here, we aimed to identify the best conditions and cultivation mode for lipid production by R. toruloides using various low-cost substrates and a range of C/N ratios (60, 80, 100, and 120). Turbidostat mode was used to achieve a steady state at the maximal specific growth rate and to avoid continuously changing environmental conditions (i.e., C/N ratio) that inherently occur in batch mode. Regardless of the carbon source, higher C/N ratios increased lipid yields (up to 60% on xylose at a C/N of 120) but decreased the specific growth rate. Growth on glycerol resulted in the highest specific growth and lipid production (0.085 g lipids/gDW*h) rates at C/Ns between 60 and 100. We went on to study lipid production using glycerol in both batch and fed-batch modes, which resulted in lower specific lipid production rates compared with turbisdostat, however, fed batch is superior in terms of biomass production and lipid titers. By combining the data we obtained in these experiments with a genome-scale metabolic model of R. toruloides, we identified targets for improvements in lipid production that could be carried out either by metabolic engineering or process optimization.
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