ReviewBritish journal of anaesthesia2020
Sex differences in neurodevelopmental abnormalities caused by early-life anaesthesia exposure: a narrative review.
Review in British journal of anaesthesia, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- CX3CL1/CX3CR1-dependent microglial phagocytosis of oligodendrocyte precursor cells contributes to sevoflurane-induced myelination impairments in neonatal mice.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Testosterone effect on anesthesia depth in micropenis hypospadias surgery: A prospective cohort study.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- TrkB Agonist Treatment Decreases Hippocampal Testosterone Contents in a Sex-Dependent Manner Following Neonatal Hypoxia and Ischemia.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Pre-clinical and clinical trials for anesthesia in neonates: gaps and future directions.Pediatric radiology · 2024Review
- Sevoflurane exposure in early life: mitochondrial dysfunction and neurotoxicity in immature rat brains without long-term memory loss.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Anti-seizure medication-induced developmental cell death in neonatal rats is unaltered by history of hypoxia.Epilepsy research · 2024Article
- Stress Pathways Induced by Volatile Anesthetics and Failure of Preconditioning in a Mitochondrial Complex I Mutant.Anesthesiology · 2024Article
- The duration-dependent and sex-specific effects of neonatal sevoflurane exposure on cognitive function in rats.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2024Article
- Repeated early-life exposure to anaesthesia and surgery causes subsequent anxiety-like behaviour and gut microbiota dysbiosis in juvenile rats.British journal of anaesthesia · 2023Article
- Sex differences in pediatric caudal epidural anesthesia under sedation without primary airway instrumentation.PloS one · 2023Observational
- Changes in sex differences in neuroanatomical structure and cognitive behavior across the life span.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2022Article
- Repeated ketamine anesthesia during neurodevelopment upregulates hippocampal activity and enhances drug reward in male mice.Communications biology · 2022Article
- Prenatal Isoflurane Exposure Induces Developmental Neurotoxicity in Rats: the Role of Gut Microbiota.Neurotoxicity research · 2022Article
- Identification of Prefrontal Cortex and Amygdala Expressed Genes Associated With Sevoflurane Anesthesia on Non-human Primate.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2022Article
- Early Development of the GABAergic System and the Associated Risks of Neonatal Anesthesia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Interval-dependent neurotoxicity after multiple ketamine injections in late postnatal mice.Journal of anesthesia · 2021Article
- Maternal Treadmill Exercise Reduces the Neurotoxicity of Prenatal Sevoflurane Exposure in Rats via Activation of p300 Histone Acetyltransferase.Neurochemical research · 2020Article
- Standards for preclinical research and publications in developmental anaesthetic neurotoxicity: expert opinion statement from the SmartTots preclinical working group.British journal of anaesthesia · 2020Review
- The Effects of Anesthesia on Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Exposure to anaesthetic drugs during the fetal or neonatal period induces widespread neuronal apoptosis in the brains of rodents and non-human primates. Hundreds of published preclinical studies and nearly 20 clinical studies have documented cognitive and behavioural deficits many months or years later, raising the spectre that early life anaesthesia exposure is a long-term, perhaps permanent, insult that might affect the quality of life of millions of humans. Although the phenomenon of anaesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity is well characterised, there are important and lingering questions pertaining to sex differences and neurodevelopmental sequelae that might occur differentially in females and males. We review the relevant literature on sex differences in the field of anaesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity, and present an emerging pattern of potential sex-dependent neurodevelopmental abnormalities in rodent models of human infant anaesthesia exposure.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.