Trial reportInternational journal of environmental research and public health2020
Horticultural Therapy Program for People with Mental Illness: A Mixed-Method Evaluation.
Trial report in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Horticultural therapy for stress reduction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Pooled it
- Are Community Gardening and Horticultural Interventions Beneficial for Psychosocial Well-Being? A Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- Nature-Based Interventions for Individuals with Psychiatric Disorders: A Mixed Methods Systematic Review with Random-Effects Meta-Analysis of Mental Health and Functional Outcomes.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Effectiveness of Cognitive and Behavioral Interventions in the Treatment of Schizophrenia: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Exploring the preferences of college students for horticultural therapy activities based on a new classification framework.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Community-based recovery interventions for improving mental health in schizophrenia patients: a scoping review in Southeast Asia.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Efficacy of Horticultural Therapy on Positive, Negative, and Affective Symptoms in Individuals with Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Assessing the Human Health Benefits of Climate Mitigation, Pollution Prevention, and Biodiversity Preservation.Annals of global health · 2024Article
- Nature-Based Therapy in Individuals with Mental Health Disorders, with a Focus on Mental Well-Being and Connectedness to Nature-A Pilot Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Touch, feel, heal. The use of hospital green spaces and landscape as sensory-therapeutic gardens: a case study in a university clinic.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Horticulture therapy affected the mental status, sleep quality, and salivary markers of mucosal immunity in an elderly population.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Impacts of therapeutic horticulture on happiness and loneliness in institutionalized clients with mental health conditions.The British journal of occupational therapy · 2022Article
- Nature-based outdoor activities for mental and physical health: Systematic review and meta-analysis.SSM - population health · 2021Review
- Article
- Effects of Horticultural Activities on Attitudes toward Aging, Sense of Hope and Hand-Eye Coordination in Older Adults in Residential Care Facilities.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Does greenery experienced indoors and outdoors provide an escape and support mental health during the COVID-19 quarantine?Environmental research · 2021Article
- Home Garden With Eco-Healing Functions Benefiting Mental Health and Biodiversity During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review.Frontiers in public health · 2021Article
- Effects of Types of Horticultural Activity on the Physical and Mental State of Elderly Individuals.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHorticultural therapy (HT) has long been used in the rehabilitation of people with mental illness, but many HT programs are not standardized, and there have been few evaluation studies.
aimsThis study evaluated the process and outcomes of a standardized horticultural program using a mixed methodology, i.e., systematic integration ("mixing") of quantitative and qualitative data within a study.
methodsParticipants who have mental illnesses were assigned to a treatment (HT) and a comparison group (
resultsThe study results supported the proposal HT is effective in increasing mental well-being, engagement, and the sense of meaningfulness and accomplishment of participants. Many participants reported a reduction in stress and anxiety in the focus group, but positive changes in affect were not fully observed during the group process or captured by quantitative measures. The participants also did not report increases in the social exchange over the HT sessions.
conclusionThe evidence supports that HT is effective in increasing mental well-being, engagement in meaningful activities, but did not result in significant affect changes during therapy, or increase social exchanges among people with mental illness.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.