ArticleBrain and language2020
An fMRI study of English and Spanish word reading in bilingual adults.
Article in Brain and language, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Differences in brain function in cognitive impairment after stroke in different hemispheres of the brain: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Sensitivity of the inferior frontal gyrus to morphological processing through the detection of category violation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Constraining current neuroanatomical models of reading: the view from Arabic.Brain structure & function · 2024Review
- What's in the Sound? Common and Language-Specific Patterns in Brain Activation and Functional Connectivity for Phonological Awareness in Spanish-English Bilinguals.Mind, brain and education : the official journal of the International Mind, Brain, and Education Society · 2024Article
- Phonological properties of logographic words modulate brain activation in bilinguals: a comparative study of Chinese characters and Japanese Kanji.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2024Article
- Aberrant functional connectivity in anterior cingulate gyrus subregions in migraine without aura patients.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Functional neuroanatomy of English word reading in early bilingual and monolingual adults.Human brain mapping · 2022Article
- Presurgical language mapping in bilingual children using transcranial magnetic stimulation: illustrative case.Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons · 2021Article
- A Study of the Brain Network Connectivity in Visual-Word Pairing Associative Learning and Episodic Memory Reactivating Task.Computational intelligence and neuroscience · 2021Article
- Hemispheric consistency in language production, comprehension, and reading in typically and atypically lateralized left-handers: Implications for reading performance.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Reading relies on a left-lateralized brain system, including occipito-temporal (OTC), temporo-parietal, and inferior frontal (IFC) cortices. Neuroimaging studies have investigated whether activation in these cortices is modulated by a language's orthographic depth (consistency of grapheme-to-phoneme conversion). In Spanish-English bilinguals, some but not all studies have reported activation differences between the two languages during reading. Here, we studied Spanish-English early bilingual adults living in the United States (N = 25; 17 females, 8 males). We examined local activity, functional connectivity, and spatially distributed activity patterns during English and Spanish word reading. We found overlap in local activity for the two languages in the left IFC, but no differences in activation between them and few differences in functional connectivity (none of which were in pairs of regions known to be involved in reading); yet, there were spatially distributed patterns of brain activity that differentiate English and Spanish in regions of bilateral cerebellum/left OTC, the left superior occipital gyrus, the left IFC, and the left medial frontal gyrus. Overall, we found no evidence for differences in local activation or functional connectivity during English versus Spanish word processing in regions known to be involved in reading, yet we found brain-based evidence that Spanish-English bilinguals distinguish between the two languages.
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