ArticleThe Behavior analyst2017
Coal Is Not Black, Snow Is Not White, Food Is Not a Reinforcer: The Roles of Affordances and Dispositions in the Analysis of Behavior.
Article in The Behavior analyst, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed.
- The extinction burst: Effects of alternative reinforcement rate.Behavioural processes · 2026Article
- What is possible and what is worth: Higher levers afford more work and enhance the value of leisure.Learning & behavior · 2026Article
- Divided control by past behavior, present stimuli, and future outcome value in a concurrent-chains procedure.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2026Article
- The extinction burst: Effects of alternative reinforcement magnitude.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2025Article
- Dynamic Interactions between Induction and Reinforcement in the Organization of Behavior.Perspectives on behavior science · 2025Review
- The extinction burst: Effects of reinforcement magnitude.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2025Article
- Enhancing translation: A need to leverage complex preclinical models of addictive drugs to accelerate substance use treatment options.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2024Review
- Individual corticosterone response to intermittent swim stress predicts a shift in economic demand for ethanol from pre-stress to post-stress in male rats.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2024Article
- Assessment of ethanol and nicotine interactions using a reinforcer demand modeling with grouped and individual levels of analyses in a long-access self-administration model using male rats.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2023Article
- Bridging the gap between laboratory and applied research on response-independent schedules.Journal of applied behavior analysis · 2023Article
- A Theory of the Extinction Burst.Perspectives on behavior science · 2022Article
- Using complex behavior to understand brain mechanisms in health and disease.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2022Article
- Logical fallacies and misinterpretations that hinder progress in translational addiction neuroscience.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2022Article
- Enhancing the Effects of Neurofeedback Training: The Motivational Value of the Reinforcers.Brain sciences · 2021Article
- On the "Strength" of Behavior.Perspectives on behavior science · 2020Article
- Generalizing from the Past, Choosing the Future.Perspectives on behavior science · 2020Article
- Out of the Lab: Shaping an Ecological and Constructional Cultural Systems Science.Perspectives on behavior science · 2019Article
- The Will to Fight: Aversion-Induced Aggression and the Role of Motivation in Intergroup Conflicts.Perspectives on behavior science · 2019Article
- Behavioral Science and the Prevention of Adolescent Substance Abuse.Perspectives on behavior science · 2019Article
- Suing for Peace in the War Against Mentalism.Perspectives on behavior science · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Reinforcers comprise sequences of actions in context. Just as the white of snow and black of coal depend on the interaction of an organism's visual system and the reflectances in its surrounds, reinforcers depend on an organism's motivational state and the affordances-possibilities for perception and action-in its surrounds. Reinforcers are not intrinsic to things but are a relation between what the thing affords, its context, the organism, and his or her history as capitulated in their current state. Reinforcers and other affordances are potentialities rather than intrinsic features. Realizing those potentialities requires motivational operations and stimulus contexts that change the state of the organism-they change its disposition to make the desired response. An expansion of the three-term contingency is suggested in order to help keep us mindful of the importance of behavioral systems, states, emotions, and dispositions in our research programs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.