ArticlePerspectives on behavior science2019
Culture and Child Attachment Patterns: a Behavioral Systems Synthesis.
Article in Perspectives on behavior science, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The influence of attachment and relational quality on developmental outcomes across the lifespan: a systematic review and meta-analytic insights (2014-2024).Frontiers in psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Attachment Bonds and Baby Booms: A Cross-Cultural Study of Reproductive Success.International journal of psychology : Journal international de psychologie · 2026Article
- Attachment Classification, Emotion Regulation, and Defense Mechanisms: An Integrative Narrative Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Acceptability of Emotionally Focused Therapy in Uganda: The Views of Mental Health Workers.Journal of marital and family therapy · 2025Article
- Superwoman Schema and Relationship Satisfaction Among Black Women in the United States: The Mediating Role of Relationship Attachment.Journal of marital and family therapy · 2025Article
- Article
- Investigating the psychometric properties of pathological concern questionnaire in Indian emerging adults.Indian journal of psychiatry · 2024Article
- Attachment insecurity and breadcrumbing engagement in young adults: a cross-sectional, cross-country study in India and Spain.BMC psychology · 2023Article
- Aggression in Adolescents: The Role of Mother-Child Attachment and Self-Esteem.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Career Satisfaction and Adult Attachment Style Among Working Adults: Evidence from Turkey.Trends in psychology · 2022Article
- A Cross-Cultural Study on Attachment and Adjustment Difficulties in Adolescence: The Mediating Role of Self-Control in Italy, Spain, China, and Poland.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We propose that the two dominant culture institutions (individualist and collectivist) are neither learned nor cognitively represented by the people who practice them. Instead, they exist as group-level payoff structures that reflect differential distributions of child attachment patterns within a society. Individualist societies reflect an overrepresentation of insecure-avoidant attachments and collectivist societies reflect an overrepresentation of insecure-anxious attachments. Moreover, attachment patterns are embodied rather than representational-schedule-induced rather than incrementally shaped or verbally learned. If attachment patterns are schedule-induced, the prospects are poorer for effecting cultural change through economic incentives or informational campaigns (top-down). Rather, cultural practices will be responsive to changes in family practices-to the extent they affect attachment patterns (bottom-up). For example, if breastfeeding rates decline or the workforce participation of women increases, a society will become more individualist and less collectivist. That is because those practices increase avoidant as compared to anxious attachments. Moreover, because insecurely attached children are behaviorally less flexible than are securely attached children, the former have a greater impact on cultural practices than do the latter.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.