ArticlePerspectives on behavior science2019
The Utility of Operant Conditioning to Address Poverty and Drug Addiction.
Article in Perspectives on behavior science, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cost and cost-effectiveness of abstinence-contingent wage supplements for adults experiencing homelessness and alcohol use disorder.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2025Trial
- How We Lost 90% of Participants on a Bad Bet: Results from a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial on Cognitive Bias Modification in Problem Gamblers.Journal of gambling studies · 2024Trial
- Abstinence-contingent wage supplements for adults experiencing homelessness and alcohol use disorder: A randomized clinical trial.Preventive medicine · 2023Trial
- Cost and cost-effectiveness of abstinence contingent wage supplements.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Trial
- Abstinence-contingent wage supplements to promote drug abstinence and employment: Post-intervention outcomes.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Trial
- Remotely administered incentive-based treatment for alcohol use disorder with participant-funded incentives is effective but less accessible to low-income participants.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2021Trial
- Factors associated with obtaining employment among opioid use disorder patients enrolled in a therapeutic workplace intervention.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Trial
- Remotely delivered incentives to promote buprenorphine treatment engagement in out-of-treatment adults with opioid use disorder.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Trial
- Financial incentives promote engagement in employment services for unemployed adults in treatment for opioid use disorder.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Trial
- Abstinence-contingent wage supplements to promote drug abstinence and employment: a randomised controlled trial.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2020Trial
- Patterns of HIV viral suppression in a clinical trial evaluating a contingency management intervention.Journal of applied behavior analysisTrial
- Utility of substance-free alternatives in treating and preventing harmful substance use: A narrative review of the translational research spectrum.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Review
- Behavior Analysis at a Macro Level: The Case for Behavior Analysts in Public Policy Work.Behavior analysis in practice · 2025Article
- War on Drugs in the Philippines: Evaluating Fear Appeals as Antidote to Continued Drug Use.Acta medica Philippina · 2025Article
- The mediating role of PERMA in the relationship between social role engagement and drug use problems among veterans with mental illness.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Behavior change, health, and health disparities 2023: Contingency management for treating substance use disorders and promoting health in vulnerable populations.Preventive medicine · 2023Article
- Rethinking the Place of Qualitative Methods in Behavior Analysis.Perspectives on behavior science · 2023Review
- Behavioral Interventions Contributing to Reducing Poverty and Inequities.Behavior and social issues · 2022Article
- Relapse after incentivized choice treatment in humans: A laboratory model for studying behavior change.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2022Article
- A positive psychology framework for why people use substances: Implications for treatment.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Poverty is associated with poor health. This article reviews research on proximal and distal operant interventions to address drug addiction and poverty. Proximal interventions promote health behaviors directly. Abstinence reinforcement, a common proximal intervention for the treatment of drug addiction, can be effective. Manipulating familiar parameters of operant conditioning can improve the effectiveness of abstinence reinforcement. Increasing reinforcement magnitude can increase the proportion of individuals that respond to abstinence reinforcement, arranging long-term exposure to abstinence reinforcement can prevent relapse, and arranging abstinence reinforcement sequentially across drugs can promote abstinence from multiple drugs. Distal interventions reduce risk factors that underlie poor health and may have an indirect beneficial effect on health. In the case of poverty, distal interventions seek to move people out of poverty. The therapeutic workplace includes both proximal and distal interventions to treat drug addiction and poverty. In the therapeutic workplace, participants earn stipends or wages to work. The therapeutic workplace uses employment-based reinforcement in which participants are required to provide drug-free urine samples or take scheduled doses of addiction medications to work and/or maintain maximum pay. The therapeutic workplace has two phases, a training and an employment phase. Special contingencies appear required to promote skill development during the training phase, employment-based reinforcement can promote abstinence from heroin and cocaine and adherence to naltrexone, and the therapeutic workplace can increase employment. Behavior analysts are well-suited to address both poverty and drug addiction using operant interventions like the therapeutic workplace.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.