SynthesisInternational journal of environmental research and public health2020
System Approaches to Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene: A Systematic Literature Review.
Synthesis in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07195006 (Early Life Diarrhoea Episode), which is not on this map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Early Life Diarrhoea Episode(s), Malnutrition, Environmental Enteric Dysfunction and Microbiome Trajectories From Birth Until 3 Years of Life ; The University of Zimbabwe Birth Cohort Study-2 (UZBCS-2)
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A Systematic Review of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene for Urban Poor in Low- and Middle-Income Countries during the COVID-19 Pandemic through a Gendered Lens.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Trends of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Research in Indonesia: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Beyond access: WASH, public health, and sustainable development priorities in Africa-a narrative review.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Review
- Stakeholder priorities for sustaining operations and maintenance of school sanitation facilities in Kampala City, Uganda.Discover public health · 2026Article
- Review of Frameworks for Assessing the Strength of the Sanitation Economy and Investment Readiness.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Review
- Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices in Africa: exploring the effects on public health and sustainable development plans.Tropical medicine and health · 2024Review
- Access to inclusive sanitation and participation in sanitation programs for people with disabilities in Indonesia.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Water insecurity, food insecurity and social capital associated with a group-led microfinance programme in semi-rural Kenya.Global public health · 2022Article
- Systems Thinking for Effective Interventions in Global Environmental Health.Environmental science & technology · 2022Article
- Barriers and facilitators to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WaSH) practices in Southern Africa: A scoping review.PloS one · 2022Article
- Closing Water and Nutrient Cycles in Urban Wastewater Management: How to Make an Academic Software Available to General Practice.Circular economy and sustainability · 2021Article
- A Review of Antimicrobial Resistance in Poultry Farming within Low-Resource Settings.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Endemic issues of sustainability in the water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) sector have led to the rapid expansion of 'system approaches' for assessing the multitude of interconnected factors that affect WASH outcomes. However, the sector lacks a systematic analysis and characterization of the knowledge base for systems approaches, in particular how and where they are being implemented and what outcomes have resulted from their application. To address this need, we conducted a wide-ranging systematic literature review of systems approaches for WASH across peer-reviewed, grey, and organizational literature. Our results show a myriad of methods, scopes, and applications within the sector, but an inadequate level of information in the literature to evaluate the utility and efficacy of systems approaches for improving WASH service sustainability. Based on this analysis, we propose four recommendations for improving the evidence base including: diversifying methods that explicitly evaluate interconnections between factors within WASH systems; expanding geopolitical applications; improving reporting on resources required to implement given approaches; and enhancing documentation of effects of systems approaches on WASH services. Overall, these findings provide a robust survey of the existing landscape of systems approaches for WASH and propose a path for future research in this emerging field.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.