ArticlePloS one2020
Association of cataract and sun exposure in geographically diverse populations of India: The CASE study. First Report of the ICMR-EYE SEE Study Group.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Correlation of Sunlight Exposure and Different Morphological Types of Age-Related Cataract.BioMed research international · 2021Pooled it
- Association between high natural background radiation and cataract subtypes in female residents of Karunagappally, Kerala, India.Journal of radiation research · 2026Article
- The Role of lncRNA GAS5 in Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Age-Related Cataracts: Insights From Transcriptome Profiling.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Climate change and eye health: Awareness of health sciences students at a South African University.Health SA = SA Gesondheid · 2026Article
- Source-specific fine particulates emission linked to prevalence of ophthalmic cases in India.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Prevalence and risk factors of age-related cataract among adults aged 50 + in Gegharkunik, Armenia.International ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Association between household solid fuel use and dual sensory impairment in a Chinese population: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Cataract Prevalence in Patients with Cutaneous Melanoma in Lithuanian Population.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Assessment of spatiotemporal variability of ultraviolet index (UVI) over Kerala, India, using satellite remote sensing (OMI/AURA) data.Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2024Article
- Association of time spent outdoors with the risk of Parkinson's disease: a prospective cohort study of 329,359 participants.BMC neurology · 2024Article
- The Association Between Solid Fuel Use and Visual Impairment Among Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults: Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2023Article
- Eye disease and international travel: a critical literature review and practical recommendations.Journal of travel medicine · 2023Review
- The effects of exposure to solar radiation on human health.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2023Article
- Associations Among Outdoor Time, Skin Tanning, and the Risk of Surgically Treated Cataract for Australians 45 to 65 Years of Age.Translational vision science & technology · 2022Article
- Article
- Sun Exposure in Pediatric Age: Perspective of Caregivers.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Pseudoexfoliation and Cataract Syndrome Associated with Genetic and Epidemiological Factors in a Mayan Cohort of Guatemala.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Long-term solid fuel use and risks of major eye diseases in China: A population-based cohort study of 486,532 adults.PLoS medicine · 2021Article
- Relationship between practices of eye protection against solar ultraviolet radiation and cataract in a rural area.PloS one · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo determine the prevalence of cataract and its association with sun exposure and other environmental risk factors in three different geographically diverse populations of India.
designPopulation based cross sectional study during 2010-2016.
participantsPeople aged ≥ 40 years residing in randomly sampled villages were enumerated (12021) and 9735 (81%) underwent ophthalmic evaluation from plains, hilly and coastal regions (3595, 3231, 2909 respectively).
methodsA detailed questionnaire-based interview about outdoor activity in present, past and remote past, usage of sun protective measures, exposure to smoke, and detailed ophthalmic examination including assessment of uncorrected and best corrected visual acuity, measurement of intraocular pressure, slit lamp examination, lens opacities categorization using LOCS III and posterior segment evaluation was done. Lifetime effective sun exposure was calculated using Melbourne formula and expressed as quintiles. These were supplemented with physical environmental measurements.
main outcome measuresLifetime sun exposure hours, smoking, indoor kitchen smoke exposure and their association with cataract and subtypes. Prevalence of cataract calculated based on lens opacities or evidence of cataract surgery.
resultsCataract was identified in 3231 (33.3%) participants. Prevalence of cataract in males (32.3%) and females (34.1%) was similar. Nuclear cataract was the commonest sub-type identified in 94.7% of affected eyes. Sun exposure had a significant association with cataract with odds ratio (OR) increasing from 1.6 (95% Confidence Intervals [CI]: 1.4, 1.9) in 3rd quintile, to 2.6 (CI: 2.2, 3.1) in 4th quintile and 9.4 (CI: 7.9, 11.2) in 5th quintile (p<0.0001). Cataract also showed a significant association with smoking (OR: 1.4, CI: 1.2, 1.6) and indoor kitchen smoke exposure (OR: 1.2, CI: 1.0-1.4). Nuclear cataract showed a positive association with increasing sun exposure in 3rd (β coefficient 0.5, CI:0.2-0.7), 4th (β: 0.9, CI: 0.7-1.1) and 5th (β: 2.1, CI:1.8-2.4) quintiles of sun exposure, smoking (β: 0.4, CI: 0.2-0.6) and indoor kitchen smoke exposure (β: 0.3, CI: 01-0.5) while cortical cataract showed a positive association with sun exposure only in 5th quintile (β: 2.6, CI:1.0-4.2). Posterior subcapsular cataract was not associated with any of the risk factors.
conclusionCataract is associated with increasing level of sun exposure, smoking and exposure to indoor kitchen smoke.
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