ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2020
Smoking-Related Risks of Colorectal Cancer by Anatomical Subsite and Sex.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- "We adjusted for race": now what? A systematic review of utilization and reporting of race in American Journal of Epidemiology and Epidemiology, 2020-2021.Epidemiologic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Association between smoking and colorectal cancer in Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (EMRO): A systematic review and meta-analysis.Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology AssociationPooled it
- Article
- Mental Health Conditions and Incident Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study of 402,255 UK Biobank Participants.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Review
- The Urgent Need to Address Modifiable Risk Factors to Prevent Young-Onset Colorectal Cancer in Mexico.Cureus · 2026Review
- Metabolic Optimization and Risk of Metachronous Advanced Colorectal Neoplasia in Patients With MASLD.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Impact of socioeconomic status on patient characteristics and postoperative outcomes in colorectal cancer surgery: A retrospective cohort study.International journal of colorectal disease · 2026Article
- Smoking metabolic signature modifies the risk of colorectal cancer and interacts with genetic susceptibility: a large-scale prospective cohort study.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Sleep duration, selected circulating biomarkers, and colorectal cancer risk.European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (ECP) · 2026Article
- Article
- Protective Effects of Plant-Based Diets Against Colorectal Carcinogenesis via Modulation of Key Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms: A Comprehensive Review of Evidence.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Review
- A nine-gene nicotine-metabolism signature predicts prognosis and characterizes the immune landscape in colon adenocarcinoma.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Article
- Prognostic factors and survival outcomes in colorectal cancer: insights from a Ghanaian cohort.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Accounting for Endoscopic Screening in Colorectal Cancer Risk Models.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in Colorectal Cancer: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Deciphering the impact of dietary habits and behavioral patterns on colorectal cancer.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2025Review
- Integrating geospatial and environmental factors in colorectal cancer epidemiology: a regional study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward colorectal cancer lifestyle risk factors among adults in Saudi Arabia.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Bladder Adenocarcinoma in a Constellation of Multiple Site Malignancies: An Unusual Case and Systematic Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine whether the increased risk of colorectal cancer due to cigarette smoking differed by anatomical subsite or sex. We analyzed data from 188,052 participants aged 45-75 years (45% men) who were enrolled in the Multiethnic Cohort Study in 1993-1996. During a mean follow-up period of 16.7 years, we identified 4,879 incident cases of invasive colorectal adenocarcinoma. In multivariate Cox regression models, as compared with never smokers of the same sex, male ever smokers had a 39% higher risk (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.39, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16, 1.67) of cancer of the left (distal or descending) colon but not of the right (proximal or ascending) colon (HR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.89, 1.18), while female ever smokers had a 20% higher risk (HR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.36) of cancer of the right colon but not of the left colon (HR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.80, 1.15). Compared with male smokers, female smokers had a greater increase in risk of rectal cancer with number of pack-years of smoking (P for heterogeneity = 0.03). Our results suggest that male smokers are at increased risk of left colon cancer and female smokers are at increased risk of right colon cancer. Our study also suggests that females who smoke may have a higher risk of rectal cancer due to smoking than their male counterparts.
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