ArticleMolecular neurobiology2020
Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Diagnostic Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis: A Machine Learning Study.
Article in Molecular neurobiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Essential and toxic metal concentrations in biological samples of multiple sclerosis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Advanced Oxidative Protein Products Role in Multiple Sclerosis: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Molecular neurobiology · 2021Pooled it
- Clinical applications of artificial intelligence-driven nitric oxide: a bibliometric and scientific mapping analysis.Medical gas research · 2026Review
- A framework for blood biomarker discovery in MS.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2026Review
- Rethinking MS Therapeutics: From Disease Pathogenesis Mechanisms to AI-Driven Drug Discovery.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2026Review
- Autoimmune responses to myelin-associated proteins as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Associations with human herpesvirus-6 and Epstein-Barr virus reactivation.Journal of advanced research · 2025Article
- HHV-6 and EBV reactivation in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: Disability, progression, and inflammation links.iScience · 2025Article
- Elevated Oxidative Stress in Patients with Coexisting Multiple Sclerosis and Migraine: A Cross-Sectional Study.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Artificial Intelligence and Multiple Sclerosis.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2024Review
- Changes of Target Essential Trace Elements in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Oxidative Stress Markers in Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Identification of crucial inflammaging related risk factors in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Article
- Big data and artificial intelligence applied to blood and CSF fluid biomarkers in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Review
- Chelation Therapy Associated with Antioxidant Supplementation Can Decrease Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis: Preliminary Results.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Zinc and Central Nervous System Disorders.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Evaluation of Selected Oxidant/Antioxidant Parameters in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Undergoing Disease-Modifying Therapies.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning: Challenges and Opportunities.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- An Enhanced Multiple Sclerosis Disease Diagnosis via an Ensemble Approach.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Comprehensive Assessment of Multiple Sclerosis: From Immunotherapy and Immunopathogenesis to Predictive Biomarkers.Iranian journal of pathology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
An imbalance of inflammatory/anti-inflammatory and oxidant/antioxidant molecules has been implicated in the demyelination and axonal damage in multiple sclerosis (MS). The current study aimed to evaluate the plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, soluble TNF receptor (sTNFR)1, sTNFR2, adiponectin, hydroperoxides, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), nitric oxide metabolites, total plasma antioxidant capacity using the total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP), sulfhydryl (SH) groups, as well as serum levels of zinc in 174 MS patients and 182 controls. The results show that MS is characterized by lowered levels of zinc, adiponectin, TRAP, and SH groups and increased levels of AOPP. MS was best predicted by a combination of lowered levels of zinc, adiponectin, TRAP, and SH groups yielding an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC/ROC) curve of 0.986 (±0.005). The combination of these four antioxidants with sTNFR2 showed an AUC/ROC of 0.997 and TRAP, adiponectin, and zinc are the most important biomarkers for MS diagnosis followed at a distance by sTNFR2. Support vector machine with tenfold validation performed on the four antioxidants showed a training accuracy of 92.9% and a validation accuracy of 90.6%. The results indicate that lowered levels of those four antioxidants are associated with MS and that these antioxidants are more important biomarkers of MS than TNF-α signaling and nitro-oxidative biomarkers. Adiponectin, TRAP, SH groups, zinc, and sTNFR2 play a role in the pathophysiology of MS, and a combination of these biomarkers is useful for predicting MS with high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Drugs that increase the antioxidant capacity may offer novel therapeutic opportunities for MS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.