ReviewNature reviews. Cardiology2020
Reappraising the role of inflammation in heart failure.
Review in Nature reviews. Cardiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 497 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
497 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 738 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reprogramming heart failure: physiological orchestration and mechanistic decoding of exercise benefits.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibition Combined with Enteral Nutritional Therapy on Cardiac Performance and Inflammatory Burden in Hemodialysis-Associated Heart Failure: Clinical and Experimental Evidence.Malawi medical journal : the journal of Medical Association of Malawi · 2026Trial
- Lipoprotein(a) and oxidized phospholipids are associated with myocardial inflammation after acute myocardial infarction.Nature cardiovascular research · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Qiliqiangxin Alleviates Imbalance of Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Current medical science · 2024Trial
- Vericiguat on C-reactive Protein Level and Prognosis in Patients with Hypertensive Heart Failure.High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension · 2024Trial
- Heart-specific T cell responses: from antigens to disease mechanisms.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- MiR-145-5p modulates collagen production and fibroblast behaviour after cardiac injury partially via COL5A1.Basic research in cardiology · 2026Article
- Incidence, Predictors and Outcome of Vasoplegia After Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Article
- Increased NETosis in Patients With Heart Failure Is Associated With Macrophage Activation Towards a Proinflammatory Phenotype.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Stellate Ganglion Nrf2 Modulates Oxidative Stress and Heart Rate Responses in Mice and Rats with Heart Failure.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Acute heart failure and interleukin-6: Biomarker, bystander, or therapeutic target?Heart and vessels · 2026Article
- METTL1/WDR4 Complex: A Novel Epitranscriptomic Target at the Crossroads of RNA Methylation and Drug Discovery.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Relationship of Vitamin D, Spondyloarthritis Activity and Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Function.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- ATP6AP2 ameliorates inflammation and pyroptosis in heart failure by promoting lysosome-dependent STING degradation.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Article
- Nationwide cohort analysis of pediatric urolithiasis: long-term metabolic, renal, and cardiovascular outcomes.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- Clinical Prognostic Impact of CALLY in Heart Failure Patients With Different Ejection Fractions: A Retrospective Study.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Precision modification of heart failure signaling by CRISPR-Cas9 base editing.Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology · 2026Review
- Integrated transcriptomic and Mendelian randomization analysis identifies novel biomarkers for type 2 diabetes-associated cardiac dysfunction: cynaropicrin as a candidate intervention.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Cardiotoxicity of Targeted Therapies in Hematologic Malignancies: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Management.Current treatment options in oncology · 2026Review
437 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The observation that heart failure with reduced ejection fraction is associated with elevated circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines opened a new area of research that has revealed a potentially important role for the immune system in the pathogenesis of heart failure. However, until the publication in 2019 of the CANTOS trial findings on heart failure outcomes, all attempts to target inflammation in the heart failure setting in phase III clinical trials resulted in neutral effects or worsening of clinical outcomes. This lack of positive results in turn prompted questions on whether inflammation is a cause or consequence of heart failure. This Review summarizes the latest developments in our understanding of the role of the innate and adaptive immune systems in the pathogenesis of heart failure, and highlights the results of phase III clinical trials of therapies targeting inflammatory processes in the heart failure setting, such as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory strategies. The most recent of these studies, the CANTOS trial, raises the exciting possibility that, in the foreseeable future, we might be able to identify those patients with heart failure who have a cardio-inflammatory phenotype and will thus benefit from therapies targeting inflammation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.