ReviewNutrients2020
Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Health Benefits, Potential Applications in Infant Formulas, and Pharmacology.
Review in Nutrients, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07477041 (Promotion of Breast Milk Donation in Breastfeeding Mothers Through a Mobile Health Intervention Utilizing an Innovative Technological Tool), which is not on this map. Cited by 130 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Promotion of Breast Milk Donation in Breastfeeding Mothers Through a Mobile Health Intervention Utilizing an Innovative Technological Tool
Who cites it
130 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 260 citations in OpenAlex.
- Limited support for a direct connection between prebiotics and intestinal permeability - a systematic review.Glycoconjugate journal · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics on the infant gut microbiota and other health outcomes: A systematic review.Critical reviews in food science and nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Trial
- 2'-FL's Depiction of the Human Physiological Function Landscape.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Infant growth and breastfeeding patterns: The Japan Environment and Children's Study.Clinical pediatric endocrinology : case reports and clinical investigations : official journal of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology · 2026Article
- Mother-to-offspring microbial vertical transmission: timing, determinants, and impact on offspring susceptibility to gastrointestinal diseases.Medical review (2021) · 2026Review
- Shaping of the Infant Gut Microbiome by Milk Oligosaccharides.Annual review of biochemistry · 2026Review
- Total Chemical Synthesis of the Human Milk Oligosaccharide Disialyllacto-Organic letters · 2026Article
- Bioactive-Supplemented Infant Formulas and Early Gut-Immune-Endocrine Development: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Galactooligosaccharides Based on β-Galactosidase-Catalyzed Synthesis: Function, Biosynthesis and Optimization Strategy.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Glutamate: Safe and Adequate Intake Levels for Infants-Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Decoding the gut microbiota-immune dialogue: from bidirectional axis to therapeutic applications.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Lacto-N-tetraose biosynthesis from lactose via metabolically rewired Escherichia coli.Metabolic engineering · 2026Article
- Preterm infant formulas with glucose polymers and reduced lactose content increase the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Supplementation with 2'-fucosyllactose, a prebiotic human milk oligosaccharide (HMO), in a magnesium-containing medical food reduces chemotherapy-induced mucositis in Wistar rats.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- A comprehensive safety evaluation of approved 2'-fucosyllactose for human nutritional applications in China.Frontiers in toxicology · 2026Article
- The gut microbiota and sleep in infants: a focus on diurnal rhythmicity patterns.Gut microbes reports · 2026Article
- Gastrointestinal Journey of Human Milk Oligosaccharides: From Breastfeeding Origins to Functional Roles in Adults.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Diet Components, Immune Function and IgE-Mediated Food Allergy.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Assembly of the infant gut microbiome and resistome are linked to bacterial strains in mother's milk.Nature communications · 2025Article
70 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The first months of life are a special time for the health development and protection of infants. Breastfeeding is the natural and best way of feeding an infant, and positively influences their development and health. Breast milk provides the ideal balance of nutrients for the infant and contains countless bioactive ingredients such as immunoglobulins, hormones, oligosaccharides and others. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a very important and interesting constituent of human milk, and are the third most abundant solid component after lactose and lipids. They are a structurally and biologically diverse group of complex indigestible sugars. This article will discuss the mechanisms of action of HMOs in infants, such as their anti-adhesive properties, properties modulating the immune system, and impact on bacterial flora development. Many health benefits result from consuming HMOs. They also may decrease the risk of infection by their interactions with viruses, bacteria or protozoa. The commercial use of HMOs in infant formula, future directions, and research on the use of HMOs as a therapy will be discussed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.