SynthesisAging2020
Antihypertensive medications are associated with the risk of kidney and bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Aging, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bladder cancer risk factors: a comprehensive umbrella review of meta-analyses.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Occupational-Related Exposure to Diesel Exhaust and Kidney Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies.La Medicina del lavoro · 2025Pooled it
- Association between antihypertensive medication use and kidney cancer risk: a meta-analysis accounting for hypertension.BMC cancer · 2025Pooled it
- Cancer and Hypertension: Shared Mechanisms, Treatment Interactions, and Clinical Management.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- Association of electronic cigarette and conventional smoking with urogenital cancers: NHIS analysis.International urology and nephrology · 2026Article
- Exploring the Associations and Mechanisms Between Antihypertensive Drugs and Urological Tumors: Insights from a Mendelian Randomization Study.Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- Antihypertensive Therapy and Survival Outcomes in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Associations of systemic immune-inflammation index, product of platelet, and neutrophil count, with the pathological grade of bladder cancer.The Canadian journal of urology · 2025Article
- Immunomodulatory Effects of RAAS Inhibitors: Beyond Hypertension and Heart Failure.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- No genetic causal links detected between antihypertensive medications and bladder cancer: insights from a trans-ancestry, drug-target Mendelian randomization analysis.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2025Article
- Two-Sample Network Mendelian Randomization and Single-Cell Analysis Reveal the Causal Associations and Underlying Mechanisms Between Antihypertensive Drugs and Kidney Cancer.Journal of Cancer · 2025Article
- Calcium Channel Blocker Versus Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitor in Risk of Kidney Cancer Among Patients With Hypertension: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- Role of local angiotensin II signaling in bladder function.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2024Review
- Same Organ, Two Cancers: Complete Analysis of Renal Cell Carcinomas and Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinomas.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Heart failure pharmacotherapy and cancer: pathways and pre-clinical/clinical evidence.European heart journal · 2024Review
- Article
- Several first-line anti-hypertensives act on fibrosarcoma progression and PD1ab blockade therapy.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2024Article
- Genetic proxies for calcium channel blockers and cancer: a Mendelian randomization study.Journal of human hypertension · 2023Article
- The Characterization of Non-oncologic Chronic Drug Therapy in Bladder Cancer Patients and the Impact on Recurrence-Free and Cancer-Specific Survival: A Prospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors improve the survival of cholangiocarcinoma: a propensity score-matched cohort study.BMC cancer · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Several studies have indicated that the use of antihypertensive medications may influence the incidence of bladder/kidney cancer, with some scholars refuting any such association. Hence, a systematic review is needed to verify this linkage. we comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for original studies reporting a relationship between antihypertensive medications and risk of bladder/kidney cancer. We included 31 articles comprising 3,352,264 participants. We found a significant association between the risk of kidney cancer and any antihypertensive medications use (relative risk (RR) = 1.45, 95% CI 1.20-1.75), as well as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (RR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.04-1.48), angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) (RR = 1.29, 95% CI:1.22-1.37), beta-blockers (RR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.11-1.66), calcium-channel blockers (RR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.54-1.78) and diuretics (RR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.19-1.51). In case of bladder cancer, a statistical significance was observed with the use of ARB (RR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.03-1.11) but not with the other antihypertensive medications. There was a linear association between the duration of antihypertensive medications and the risk of kidney cancer (P = 0.061 for a non-linear trend) and the pooled RR for the per year increase in antihypertensive medications duration of use was 1.02 (95% CI: 1.01-1.02). Our results indicate that there is a significant association between each class of antihypertensive medications and the risk of kidney cancer, and this trend presented as a positive linear association. Furthermore, the use of ARB has been linked to the risk of bladder cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.