ArticleJournal of athletic training2020
Sex Differences in Ultrasound-Based Muscle Size and Mechanical Properties of the Cervical-Flexor and -Extensor Muscles.
Article in Journal of athletic training, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characterizing Musculoskeletal Tissue Mechanics Based on Shear Wave Propagation: A Systematic Review of Current Methods and Reported Measurements.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2022Pooled it
- The mouth-opening muscular performance in adults with and without temporomandibular disorders: A systematic review.Journal of oral rehabilitation · 2022Pooled it
- Article
- Reliability of Sternocleidomastoid Muscle Stiffness Assessment Using Shear-Wave Elastography Under a Standardized Protocol with Novice and Experienced Examiners: An Intra- and Inter-Examiner Reliability Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Observational
- Sternocleidomastoid muscle morphology is independently associated with neck strength and endurance in athletes and para-athletes.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Testing the Reliability of a Procedure Using Shear-Wave Elastography for Measuring Longus Colli Muscle Stiffness.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Assessment of neck muscle thickness and stiffness in Chinese healthy individuals by ultrasound.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2025Article
- Measurement Reliability for the Anatomical Characteristics of Cervical Muscles Using Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in Healthy Individuals.Muscles (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The impact of forward head posture on neck muscle endurance and thickness in women with chronic neck pain: a cross-sectional study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- Magnetic Resonance Elastography of Upper Trapezius Muscle.NMR in biomedicine · 2025Article
- Ultrasound elastography of back muscle biomechanical properties: a systematic review and meta-analysis of current methods.Insights into imaging · 2024Review
- Elastic Modulus of Suboccipital Muscles, Cervical Range of Motion, and Forward Head Posture in Cervicogenic Headache.Journal of biomedical physics & engineering · 2023Article
- Acute effects of an isometric neck warm-up programme on neck performance characteristics and ultrasound-based morphology.Annals of medicine · 2023Article
- Sex differences in factors associated with neck pain among undergraduate healthcare students: a cross-sectional survey.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2022Article
- Reliability of Gradient-Echo Magnetic Resonance Elastography of Lumbar Muscles: Phantom and Clinical Studies.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Sex-dependent jugular vein optical attenuation and distension during head-down tilt and lower body negative pressure.Physiological reports · 2022Article
- Application of Shear-Wave Elastography in the Evaluation of Hamstring Stiffness in Young Basketball Athletes.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2022Article
- Sex differences in stretch-induced hypertrophy, maximal strength and flexibility gains.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Age-related change in shear elastic modulus of the thoracolumbar multifidus muscle in healthy Beagle dogs using ultrasound shear wave elastography.Journal of veterinary science · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
contextNeck pain (NP), neck injuries, and concussions are more prevalent in female athletes than in their male counterparts. Females exhibit less neck girth, strength, and stiffness against a perturbation. As part of the clinical examination for individuals with NP, ultrasound (US)-based imaging of the cervical muscles has become common. Muscle size or thickness and stiffness can be measured with US-based B-mode and shear-wave elastography (SWE), respectively. Information on reliability, normative values, and sex differences based on US-based muscle size or thickness and stiffness in young and athletic individuals is limited.
objectiveTo evaluate sex differences in US-based muscle size or thickness and biomechanical properties of the cervical-flexor and -extensor muscles.
designCross-sectional study.
settingLaboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER
participantsA total of 13 women (age = 23.7 ± 1.9 years, height = 167.1 ± 6.1 cm, mass = 63.8 ± 5.6 kg) and 11 men (age = 25.6 ± 4.9 years, height = 178.7 ± 8.3 cm, mass = 78.9 ± 12.0 kg). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The same examiner collected all measures, using US B-mode to scan the cross-sectional area and thickness of the longus colli (LC), sternocleidomastoid (SCM), cervical-extensor muscles, and upper trapezius (UT) muscle. The US SWE-mode was used to measure the stiffness of the SCM and UT. Independent
resultsMen had thicker SCMs than women (
conclusionsThe only sex difference was in SCM thickness. However, smaller SCMs in women did not result in less SCM SWE stiffness. We provided normative values for US-based imaging of the cervical-flexor and -extensor muscles in young and athletic men and women.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.