ArticleTobacco induced diseases2020
Associations of household environmental tobacco smoke exposure with respiratory symptoms and utilisation of medical services in healthy young children in Hong Kong.
Article in Tobacco induced diseases, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and risk factors for asthma in East Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and risk factors of pneumococcal disease among preschool children in Bushenyi District, Uganda.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Development of the Respiratory System During Adolescence.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Its Impact on Pediatric Lung Function, Aerobic Fitness, and Body Mass: Evidence from a Cross-Sectional Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Prevalence of Wheezing and Its Association with Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure among Rural and Urban Preschool Children in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Determinants of influenza and pneumococcal vaccine uptake among preschool children in Singapore.PloS one · 2023Article
- Monthly Motivational Interview Counseling and Nicotine Replacement Therapy for Smoking Parents of Pediatric Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionYoung children are especially vulnerable to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure. This study was carried out to determine whether household ETS exposure was associated with respiratory symptoms and medical service utilisation among Hong Kong healthy children in their first eighteen months of age.
methodsA secondary analysis was done on the data obtained from our previous cross-sectional territory-wide pneumococcal carriage surveillance study in Hong Kong in 2013-2014. All measures were reported by caregivers. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to examine the associations between ETS exposure and outcome measures. Covariates included children's sex, age, body mass index z score, history of breastfeeding, gestational age at birth, birthweight, maternal age, living region, overcrowding of living area, household income, child care attendance, and presence of siblings. Additional adjustment for season and households' respiratory symptoms were made to ascertain the association between ETS and children's respiratory symptoms.
resultsThe analysis included 1541 children (mean age: 11.2 ± 6.4 months; males: 50.7%). Current household ETS exposure (AOR=1.30; 95% CI: 1.00- 1.66; p=0.050) and postnatal maternal smoking (AOR=2.21; 95% CI: 1.06-4.64; p=0.035) were independently and significantly associated with all-cause doctor consultation in the past 3 months. Children living with more than one household smoker were more likely to have all-cause doctor consultation compared with the non-exposed children (AOR=1.70; 95% CI: 1.04-2.77, p=0.028). Postnatal maternal smoking was associated with all-cause hospitalisation in the past 3 months (AOR=2.48; 95% CI: 1.05-5.86; p=0.039). Children living in a household, where the daily consumption by household smokers was more than 20 cigarettes, were more likely to have respiratory symptoms compared with non-exposed children (AOR=1.99; 95% CI: 1.12-3.52; p=0.016).
conclusionsHousehold ETS exposure in young children was associated with respiratory symptoms and all-cause outpatient or inpatient medical service utilisation. The associations were potentially dose-dependent.
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