ReviewRheumatology and therapy2020
Clinical, Economic, and Humanistic Burden Associated With Delayed Diagnosis of Axial Spondyloarthritis: A Systematic Review.
Review in Rheumatology and therapy, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Diagnostic delay in axial spondyloarthritis: a systematic review.Clinical rheumatology · 2022Pooled it
- No major effect of age (< 40 vs. ≥ 40 years) on response to secukinumab in patients with axSpA: a post hoc analysis of six phase 3 trials.Arthritis research & therapy · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Golimumab in Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients With Early and Late Disease Through One Year of the GO-ALIVE Study.Journal of clinical rheumatology : practical reports on rheumatic & musculoskeletal diseases · 2022Trial
- Review
- Article
- A Narrative Review of Secukinumab in Spondyloarthritis and Psoriatic Arthritis: Treating the Whole Patient.Rheumatology and therapy · 2026Review
- Article
- Diagnostic delay in axial spondyloarthritis: demographic, socioeconomic, and healthcare barriers in the West Bank, Palestine.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Race as a determinant of clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of axial spondyloarthritis in the United States.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Review
- Time and patient journey to axial spondyloarthritis diagnosis: a retrospective study in French primary care.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Treatment satisfaction, disease severity, and health-care use in patients with axial spondyloarthritis in the United States and Europe.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Patients' Journey and Burden of Disease Among Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis in Greece: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey.Mediterranean journal of rheumatology · 2026Article
- Early diagnosis of axial spondyloarthritis in primary care using multi-agent systems.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- Spondyloarthritis in Latin America: a difficult-to-diagnose challenge.Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease · 2026Review
- Referral Patterns, Diagnostic Delay, and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis in a Tertiary Rheumatology Centre in Malaysia: A Retrospective Observational Study.International journal of general medicine · 2026Article
- Risk-stratified management of ankylosing spondylitis-related spinal fractures-a meta-synthesis of contemporary surgical and nonsurgical strategies: a narrative review.Journal of spine surgery (Hong Kong) · 2025Review
- Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of Upadacitinib in Tumor Necrosis FactorInhibitor Refractory Axial Spondyloarthritis: 52-Week Outcomes from a Single-Center Cohort.Archives of rheumatology · 2025Article
- Association between grip and core muscle strength in people with axial spondyloarthritis and healthy controls.BMC rheumatology · 2025Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionFew studies have evaluated the impact of delayed diagnosis of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) on the overall burden of disease. The objective of this review was to evaluate the available literature on the clinical, economic, and humanistic burden of delayed diagnosis in patients with axSpA.
methodsThis systematic literature review was conducted and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched the MEDLINE and Embase databases for English-language publications of original research articles (up to July 12, 2018) and conference abstracts (January 1, 2014, to July 12, 2018) reporting studies of adult patients with delayed diagnosis of axSpA associated with clinical, economic, or humanistic burden. Retrieved publications were screened for eligibility by two independent reviewers; discrepancies were resolved by a third independent reviewer. Data were extracted by one reviewer and validated by a second independent reviewer.
resultsA total of 1391 publications were retrieved, of which 21 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Of these, 15 reported data on clinical burden, nine on economic burden, and six on humanistic burden, with eight studies reporting a combination of clinical, economic, and/or humanistic burden. Patients with a delayed diagnosis of axSpA generally had higher disease activity, worse physical function, and more structural damage than those who received an earlier diagnosis. Patients with a delayed diagnosis also had a greater likelihood of work disability and higher direct and indirect healthcare costs than those who received an earlier diagnosis. Delayed diagnosis was associated with a greater likelihood for depression, negative psychological impacts, and worse quality of life.
conclusionsDelayed axSpA diagnosis was associated with more functional impairment, higher healthcare costs, and worse quality of life, highlighting the importance of early recognition of axSpA to reduce extensive burden on patients and society. Plain language summary available for this article.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.