Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31965309›Full record

SynthesisEuropean child & adolescent psychiatry2021

Why do children and adolescents (not) seek and access professional help for their mental health problems? A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies.

Jerica Radez, Tessa Reardon, Cathy Creswell, Peter J Lawrence, Georgina Evdoka-Burton, Polly Waite

Registry-linked trialAbstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in European child & adolescent psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07337200 (The Effectiveness of Daily Three Good Thing Intervention on Gratitude and Psychological Well-being Among Indonesian Nursing Students), which is not on this map. Cited by 508 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
508citing papers in PubMed, 11 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07337200 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

The Effectiveness of Daily Three Good Thing Intervention on Gratitude and Psychological Well-being Among Indonesian Nursing Students: Solomon Four-Group Design

TypeinterventionalSponsorKaohsiung Medical UniversityRan2025 to 2026Enrolled277ConditionsNursing Student, Gratitude, Psychological Well-beingArmsThree Good Things
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

508 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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448 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Jerica RadezSchool of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5945-8858
Tessa ReardonSchool of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK. tessa.reardon@psy.ox.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9298-091X
Cathy CreswellDepartments of Experimental Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Peter J LawrenceSchool of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
Georgina Evdoka-BurtonSlough Community Mental Health Team, Berkshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Slough, UK.
Polly WaiteSchool of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.

Funding

Department of Health RP_2014-04-018National Institute for Health Research NIHR-RP-2014-04-018National Institute for Health Research PDF-2016-09-092University of Reading Anniversary PhD Scholarship
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mental health disorders in children and adolescents are highly prevalent yet undertreated. A detailed understanding of the reasons for not seeking or accessing help as perceived by young people is crucial to address this gap. We conducted a systematic review (PROSPERO 42018088591) of quantitative and qualitative studies reporting barriers and facilitators to children and adolescents seeking and accessing professional help for mental health problems. We identified 53 eligible studies; 22 provided quantitative data, 30 provided qualitative data, and one provided both. Four main barrier/facilitator themes were identified. Almost all studies (96%) reported barriers related to young people's individual factors, such as limited mental health knowledge and broader perceptions of help-seeking. The second most commonly (92%) reported theme related to social factors, for example, perceived social stigma and embarrassment. The third theme captured young people's perceptions of the therapeutic relationship with professionals (68%) including perceived confidentiality and the ability to trust an unknown person. The fourth theme related to systemic and structural barriers and facilitators (58%), such as financial costs associated with mental health services, logistical barriers, and the availability of professional help. The findings highlight the complex array of internal and external factors that determine whether young people seek and access help for mental health difficulties. In addition to making effective support more available, targeted evidence-based interventions are required to reduce perceived public stigma and improve young people's knowledge of mental health problems and available support, including what to expect from professionals and services.

Indexed as

Social StigmaAdolescentChildFemaleHumansMaleMental DisordersMental Health ServicesPatient Acceptance of Health CareQualitative ResearchAdolescentsBarriersChildrenFacilitatorsMental healthProfessional help

Identifiers

PMID31965309
PMCPMC7932953

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.