ArticleEuropean journal of nutrition2020
Theobromine alleviates diet-induced obesity in mice via phosphodiesterase-4 inhibition.
Article in European journal of nutrition, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Morphological and Chemical Characterization of a Novel Wild Tea Plant Resource with Naturally Low Caffeine and High Theobromine from Guangxi Province, China.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Theophylline Inhibits Capillary Degeneration in Early Diabetic Retinopathy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Unlocking the Alkaloid Biological Potential of Chili Pepper (Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Effect of Theobromine Supplementation on HDL-c Subclasses (HDL-c2, HDL-c3), HDL-c2/HDL-c3 Ratio, and Gene Expression of PPAR-α and Sirt1 in Subjects With Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- The Therapeutic Potential of Theobromine in Obesity: A Comprehensive Review.Nutrition reviews · 2025Review
- Progress in Methylxanthine Biosynthesis: Insights into Pathways and Engineering Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- A review of natural compounds to regulate platelet aggregation: molecular mechanism and research advance.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- White-to-Beige and Back: Adipocyte Conversion and Transcriptional Reprogramming.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Integrated Microbiome and Metabolomics Analysis of the Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Corn-Steep-Liquor-DerivedAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Matcha alleviates obesity by modulating gut microbiota and its metabolites.Current research in food science · 2024Article
- Coffee, tea, and cocoa in obesity prevention: Mechanisms of action and future prospects.Current research in food science · 2024Review
- Thebromine Targets Adenosine Receptors to Control Hippocampal Neuronal Function and Damage.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Neuroprotective Effects of Theobromine in permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion rat model of cerebral hypoperfusion.Metabolic brain disease · 2022Article
- FGF1 and insulin control lipolysis by convergent pathways.Cell metabolism · 2022Article
- Protective Effect of Cocoa Bean Shell against Intestinal Damage: An Example of Byproduct Valorization.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeModern science has given much attention to the treatment of obesity by activating brown adipose tissue (BAT) and browning of white adipose tissue (WAT). Recent studies have identified theobromine, a derivative of cocoa, as a potent natural component actively browning white fat cells. Here, we aimed to deduce the anti-obesity effect of theobromine involving phosphodiesterase (PDE) dependent-regulatory pathway in obese animal models.
methodsFor examining activity of theobromine, C57BL/6 mice were fed with high fat diet and treated with theobromine to determine the expression levels of protein markers by immunoblot analysis and gene targets by quantitative real-time PCR. Other methods used include histopathological studies, immunofluorescence and molecular docking approaches.
resultsTheobromine alleviated diet-induced obesity in mice by browning of iWAT and activating BAT. Further, theobromine actively interacted with PDE4D and inhibited its activity in adipose tissues and cells potentiating energy expenditure. Moreover, the regulatory action of theobromine via inhibition of PDE4D was mediated by β3-AR signaling pathway.
conclusionAltogether, the current results signifies critical role of theobromine in reducing obesity by regulation of lipid metabolism through inhibition of PDE4, indicating its potential as a major therapeutic medicinal compound.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.