ArticleNutrients2020
Associations of n-3, n-6 Fatty Acids Intakes and n-6:n-3 Ratio with the Risk of Depressive Symptoms: NHANES 2009-2016.
Article in Nutrients, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Blood Fatty Acid Profile as a Predictor of Antidepressant Efficacy-A Prospective Cohort Pilot Study Protocol.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Association between omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids intake, body mass index and depression in young Iranian adults: a cross sectional study.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- Adherence to a healthy Nordic diet is associated with a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms.The British journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Association of omega-3, omega-6 fatty acids intakes and omega-6: omega-3 ratio with the prevalence of suicidal ideation: mediating role of C-reactive protein.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- Inverse association of dietary consumption of n3 and n6 fatty acids with hyperuricemia among adults.PloS one · 2025Article
- Impact of serum carotenoids on cardiovascular mortality risk in middle-aged and elderly adults with metabolic syndrome.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Association between plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids and depressive among US adults.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Association of serum oleic acid level with depression in American adults: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Dietary niacin intake in relation to depression among adults: a population-based study.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Interaction of fatty acid quality indices and genes related to lipid homeostasis on mental health among overweight and obese women.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Review
- Associations of Serum Carotenoids With Risk of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Hypertensive Adults.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Article
- Effect of the Bleaching Process on Changes in the Fatty Acid Profile of Raw Hemp Seed Oil (Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Association of Urinary Iodine Concentration with Depressive Symptoms among Adults: NHANES 2007-2018.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Consumption of Omega-3 and Maintenance and Incidence of Depressive Episodes: The ELSA-Brasil Study.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Relation of Dietary n-3 and n-6 Fatty Acid Intakes to Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged People Depending on the Level of HbA1c: A Review of National Health and Nutrition Survey Data from 2014 to 2016.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Review
- My nutrition index: a method for measuring optimal daily nutrient intake.BMC nutrition · 2022Article
- Possible antidepressant mechanisms of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids acting on the central nervous system.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Review
- Dietary Vitamin C and Vitamin C Derived from Vegetables Are Inversely Associated with the Risk of Depressive Symptoms among the General Population.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Exploring the therapeutic potential of omega-3 fatty acids in depression.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Many studies have explored the association between n-3 fatty acids and depression, but research on the associations of n-6 fatty acids and n-6:n-3 ratio with depression is more scarce, and the results are controversial. Therefore, we conducted this cross-sectional study to explore the associations of n-3 and n-6 fatty acid intakes and n-6:n-3 ratio with the risk of depressive symptoms using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2016. Dietary data on n-3 and n-6 fatty acids were obtained through two 24-h dietary recall interviews, and were adjusted by energy. Depressive symptoms were measured by PHQ-9 (nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire). We applied logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models to assess the relationships of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids intake and n-6:n-3 ratio with the risk of depressive symptoms. A total of 17,431 individuals over 18 years old were enrolled in this study. In the multivariate-adjusted model 2, compared with the lowest category, the highest odd ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for n-3 fatty acid intake and n-6:n-3 ratio were 0.71 (0.55-0.92) and 1.66 (1.10-2.50), and middle OR (95% CI) for n-6 fatty acid intake was 0.72 (0.56-0.92), respectively. Our study suggests that n-3 and n-6 fatty acids intake were inversely associated with the risk of depressive symptoms, while the n-6:n-3 ratio was positively associated with the risk of depressive symptoms.
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