ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
Structural, Molecular, and Functional Alterations of the Blood-Brain Barrier during Epileptogenesis and Epilepsy: A Cause, Consequence, or Both?
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 126 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
126 citing papers in PubMed, 223 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and Efficacy of Natalizumab as Adjunctive Therapy for People With Drug-Resistant Epilepsy: A Phase 2 Study.Neurology · 2021Trial
- Maternal gut microbiota mediates prenatal stress-induced fetal blood‒brain barrier dysfunction.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Review
- Post-Stroke Epileptogenesis as a Dynamic Network Process: State-Dependent Biomarkers, Longitudinal Monitoring, and the Concept of an Irritable Brain State.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Endothelial cell-specific TGM2 deficiency promotes progression of temporal lobe epilepsy by disrupting S1P metabolism and intercellular communication.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Overcoming barriers: mechanisms and strategies of nanoparticles in overcoming the blood-brain barrier and drug resistance in glioblastomas.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2026Review
- Epilepsy: Molecular Pathogenesis and Emerging Therapies.MedComm · 2026Review
- The Hidden Metabolic Roots of Epilepsy.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Scalable and multimodal brain angiogenesis and blood-brain barrier genetics by somatic mutagenesis.Communications biology · 2026Article
- The potential role of COX-2/PGs signaling pathway in epileptogenesis and associated neuroinflammation: collusions or serendipity.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Inflammation modifies breathing phenotype in mice with epilepsy.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Synergistic impact of immuno-nutritional and hypoxia-metabolic disturbances on post-stroke epilepsy: a "Two-Hit" prediction model and web-based risk calculator.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Navigating dose-effect complexities and challenges in cannabinoid therapy for aging-related neurobiological changes.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Therapeutic effects of curcumin on seizure and its mechanisms of action.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- The Role of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Epilepsy: Mechanisms and Consequences.Neurology international · 2025Review
- The Breakdown of Neurovascular Barriers: Molecular Mechanisms of Tight Junction Dysfunction.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Pharmacogenetics of anti-seizure medications in Arab countries: a comprehensive review.Future science OA · 2025Review
- The canine blood-brain barrier in health and disease: focus on brain protection.The veterinary quarterly · 2025Review
- Seizures beget more than seizures: Understanding the cellular, structural, individual and societal impact of seizures in epilepsy.Epilepsia open · 2025Review
- The Plasminogen Activation System in the Central Nervous System: Implications for Epilepsy and Neuropsychiatric Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
66 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic, highly selective barrier primarily formed by endothelial cells connected by tight junctions that separate the circulating blood from the brain extracellular fluid. The endothelial cells lining the brain microvessels are under the inductive influence of neighboring cell types, including astrocytes and pericytes. In addition to the anatomical characteristics of the BBB, various specific transport systems, enzymes and receptors regulate molecular and cellular traffic across the BBB. While the intact BBB prevents many macromolecules and immune cells from entering the brain, following epileptogenic brain insults the BBB changes its properties. Among BBB alterations, albumin extravasation and diapedesis of leucocytes from blood into brain parenchyma occur, inducing or contributing to epileptogenesis. Furthermore, seizures themselves may modulate BBB functions, permitting albumin extravasation, leading to activation of astrocytes and the innate immune system, and eventually modifications of neuronal networks. BBB alterations following seizures are not necessarily associated with enhanced drug penetration into the brain. Increased expression of multidrug efflux transporters such as P-glycoprotein likely act as a 'second line defense' mechanism to protect the brain from toxins. A better understanding of the complex alterations in BBB structure and function following seizures and in epilepsy may lead to novel therapeutic interventions allowing the prevention and treatment of epilepsy as well as other detrimental neuro-psychiatric sequelae of brain injury.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.