Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31963293›Full record

ReviewNutrients2020

A Review of Micronutrients and the Immune System-Working in Harmony to Reduce the Risk of Infection.

Adrian F Gombart, Adeline Pierre, Silvia Maggini

2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nutrients, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 608 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
608citing papers in PubMed, 10 pooled it
111.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04636086 phase4completednot on this map

Vitamin D Supplementation and Covid-19: a Randomised, Double- Blind, Controlled Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of LiegeRan2020 to 2022Enrolled50ConditionsCovid19ArmsCholecalciferol, Placebo
NCT04766645 completednot on this map

Gender Differences in Stroke With COVID-19: Epigenetic and Biochemical Study of ACE2 Receptor and Relationship With Rehabilitative Outcome

TypeobservationalSponsorFondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ETSRan2020 to 2023Enrolled77ConditionsNeurologic ManifestationsArmsRobotic assisted intervention, epigenetic analyses, biochemical analyses
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

608 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,282 citations in OpenAlex.

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548 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Adrian F GombartLinus Pauling Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
Adeline PierreBayer Consumer Care AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
Silvia MagginiBayer Consumer Care AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
Bayer (Switzerland) · CHOregon State University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Immune support by micronutrients is historically based on vitamin C deficiency and supplementation in scurvy in early times. It has since been established that the complex, integrated immune system needs multiple specific micronutrients, including vitamins A, D, C, E, B6, and B12, folate, zinc, iron, copper, and selenium, which play vital, often synergistic roles at every stage of the immune response. Adequate amounts are essential to ensure the proper function of physical barriers and immune cells; however, daily micronutrient intakes necessary to support immune function may be higher than current recommended dietary allowances. Certain populations have inadequate dietary micronutrient intakes, and situations with increased requirements (e.g., infection, stress, and pollution) further decrease stores within the body. Several micronutrients may be deficient, and even marginal deficiency may impair immunity. Although contradictory data exist, available evidence indicates that supplementation with multiple micronutrients with immune-supporting roles may modulate immune function and reduce the risk of infection. Micronutrients with the strongest evidence for immune support are vitamins C and D and zinc. Better design of human clinical studies addressing dosage and combinations of micronutrients in different populations are required to substantiate the benefits of micronutrient supplementation against infection.

Indexed as

Nutritional StatusRecommended Dietary AllowancesAnimalsCommunicable DiseasesHumansImmune SystemInfection ControlMicronutrientsProtective FactorsRisk FactorsMicronutrientsimmune systeminfectionmicronutrientsmineralsvitamins

Identifiers

PMID31963293
PMCPMC7019735
OpenAlexW2999874457

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.