ArticleJournal of the International AIDS Society2020
Linkages to HIV confirmatory testing and antiretroviral therapy after online, supervised, HIV self-testing among Thai men who have sex with men and transgender women.
Article in Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Counseling Supporting HIV Self-Testing and Linkage to Care Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Pooled it
- Verification of HIV Self-Testing Use and Results: A Global Systematic Review.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2020Pooled it
- Effects of HIV Self-Testing on Testing Promotion and Risk Behavior Reduction Among Transgender Women in China: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Trial
- High acceptability of HIV self-testing in a randomized trial among transgender women and men who have sex with men, Myanmar.AIDS care · 2022Trial
- Preferences for HIV testing services among men who have sex with men in China: a discrete choice experiment.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2026Article
- Which transgender and gender diverse groups benefit most from E-health? Subgroup analyses of the randomized controlled trial iInternational journal of transgender health · 2026Article
- Comprehensive Analysis and Leveraging Online Innovations to Improve HIV and STI Prevention and Treatment Services in Major Cities of Thailand.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Towards Ending AIDS: The Additional Role of HIV Self-Testing in Thailand.Global health, science and practice · 2024Article
- Standardly Trained Peer Volunteer-Led, Social App Recruiting-Based Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing Strategy Using Rapid Testing Kits (SPARK) Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Population-Based Survey Evaluation.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Needs & networks: understanding the role and impact of social networks on HIV (self-)testing among GBMSM and trans people in England and Wales.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Understanding effective post-test linkage strategies for HIV prevention and care: a scoping review.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Article
- Unique HIV Risk Factors and Prevention Needs for Transgender Women and Cisgender Men Who Have Sex with Men in Bangkok, Thailand.Transgender health · 2023Article
- Telehealth Interventions for HIV in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2022Review
- HIV Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT-HIV) effectiveness for sexual risk-reduction among key populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2022Article
- A Cross-Sectional Assessment of HIV Self-Testing Preferences and Uptake Among Key Populations in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.Global health, science and practice · 2022Article
- Factors associated with testing for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in men who have sex with men and transgender women in Bangkok, Thailand.AIDS research and therapy · 2022Article
- Willingness of health care providers to offer HIV self-testing from specialized HIV care services in the northeast of Brazil.BMC health services research · 2022Article
- Optimizing an mHealth Intervention to Improve Uptake and Adherence to HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in Young Transgender Women: Protocol for a Multi-Phase Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2022Article
- Towards the first 90: impact of the national HIV self-test program on case finding and factors associated with linkage to confirmatory diagnosis in Taiwan.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2022Article
- Outcomes of a community-led online-based HIV self-testing demonstration among cisgender men who have sex with men and transgender women in the Philippines during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective cohort study.BMC public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionOnline, supervised, HIV self-testing has potential to reach men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) who never tested before and who had high HIV-positive yield. We studied linkages to HIV confirmatory test and antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation among Thai MSM and TGW who chose online and/or offline platforms for HIV testing and factors associated with unsuccessful linkages.
methodsMSM and TGW were enrolled from Bangkok Metropolitan Region and Pattaya during December 2015 to June 2017 and followed for 12 months. Participants could choose between: 1) offline HIV counselling and testing (Offline group), 2) online pre-test counselling and offline HIV testing (Mixed group) and 3) online counselling and online, supervised, HIV self-testing (Online group). Sociodemographic data, risk behaviour and social network use characteristics were collected by self-administered questionnaires. Linkages to HIV confirmatory testing and/or ART initiation were collected from participants who tested reactive/positive at baseline and during study follow-up. Modified Poisson regression models identified covariates for poor retention and unsuccessful ART initiation.
resultsOf 465 MSM and 99 TGW, 200 self-selected the Offline group, 156 the Mixed group and 208 the Online group. The Online group demonstrated highest HIV prevalence (15.0% vs. 13.0% vs. 3.4%) and high HIV incidence (5.1 vs. 8.3 vs. 3.2 per 100 person-years), compared to the Offline and Mixed groups. Among 60 baseline HIV positive and 18 seroconversion participants, successful ART initiation in the Online group (52.8%) was lower than the Offline (84.8%) and Mixed groups (77.8%). Factors associated with unsuccessful ART initiation included choosing to be in the Online group (aRR 3.94, 95% CI 1.07 to 14.52), <17 years old at first sex (aRR 3.02, 95% CI 1.15 to 7.92), amphetamine-type stimulants use in the past six months (aRR 3.6, 95% CI 1.22 to 10.64) and no/single sex partner (aRR 3.84, 95%CI 1.36 to 10.83) in the past six months.
conclusionsOnline, supervised, HIV self-testing allowed more MSM and TGW to know their HIV status. However, linkages to confirmatory test and ART initiation once tested HIV-reactive are key challenges. Alternative options to bring HIV test confirmation, prevention and ART services to these individuals after HIV self-testing are needed.
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