SynthesisBMJ open2020
Does chronic hyperglycaemia increase the risk of kidney stone disease? results from a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interpretable Machine Learning for Predicting Metabolic Syndrome-Kidney Stone Disease Comorbidity: The Role of Dietary Micronutrients.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- The role of stone culture in patients undergoing mini-PCNL for kidney stone disease. Results from a large single-center series.World journal of urology · 2025Article
- Empagliflozin versus DPP4i or GLP-1RA for the risk of nephrolithiasis in patients with type 2 diabetes: Research letter from the EMPRISE cohort study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Article
- Potential risk factors associated with diabetic mellitus in patients with Febrile upper urinary tract calculi with infection.PloS one · 2025Article
- Kidney Stones of Type I vs. Type II Diabetic Patients: Are There Any Differences?Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- The Multidisciplinary Approach in the Management of Patients with Kidney Stone Disease-A State-of-the-Art Review.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Trends of Urolithiasis in China: A National Study Based on Hospitalized Patients from 2013 to 2018.Kidney diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Correlation of Great Chinese Famine Exposure During Early Life to Prevalence of Kidney Stone in Adulthood.International journal of general medicine · 2023Article
- Nephrolithiasis: A Red Flag for Cardiovascular Risk.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Urinary stone in a 12-year-old adolescent with new-onset type 1 diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis.Clinical pediatric endocrinology : case reports and clinical investigations : official journal of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology · 2022Article
- Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Kidney Stone Formers: A Comparative Cohort Study with a Median Follow-Up of 19 Years.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
designSystematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies was performed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for studies reporting on diabetes mellitus (DM) or metabolic syndrome (MetS) and kidney stone disease (KSD).
objectiveTo examine the association between chronic hyperglycaemia, in the form of DM and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in the context of MetS and KSD.
settingPopulation-based observational studies. Databases searched: Ovid MEDLINE without revisions (1996 to June 2018), Cochrane Library (2018), CINAHL (1990 to June 2018), ClinicalTrials.gov, Google Scholar and individual journals including the Journal of Urology, European Urology and Kidney International.
participantsPatients with and without chronic hyperglycaemic states (DM and MetS).
main outcome measuresEnglish language articles from January 2001 to June 2018 reporting on observational studies. EXCLUSIONS: No comparator group or fewer than 100 patients. Unadjusted values were used for meta-analysis, with further meta-regression presented as adjusted values. Bias was assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa scale.
results2340 articles were screened with 13 studies included for meta-analysis, 7 DM (three cohort) and 6 MetS. Five of the MetS studies provided data on IGT alone. These included: DM, n=28 329; MetS, n=31 767; IGT, n=12 770. CONTROLS: DM, n=5 89 791; MetS, n=1 78 050; IGT, n=2 93 852 patients. Adjusted risk for DM cohort studies, RR=1.23 (0.94 to 1.51) (p<0.001). Adjusted ORs for: DM cross-sectional/case-control studies, OR=1.32 (1.21 to 1.43) (p<0.001); IGT, OR=1.26 (0.92 to 1.58) (p<0.0001) and MetS, OR=1.35 (1.16 to 1.54) (p<0.0001). There was no significant difference between IGT and DM (cross-sectional/case-control), nor IGT and MetS. There was a moderate risk of publication bias. Statistical heterogeneity remained significant in adjusted DM cohort values and adjusted IGT (cross-sectional/case-control), but non-signficant for adjusted DM (cross-sectional/case-control).
conclusionChronic hyperglycaemia increases the risk of developing kidney stone disease. In the context of the diabetes pandemic, this will increase the burden of stone related morbidity and mortality. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42018093382.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.