ArticleBMJ open2020
'It all dials back to safety': A qualitative study of social and economic vulnerabilities among transgender women participating in HIV research in the USA.
Article in BMJ open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- "It Was Traumatizing, Because It Makes You Feel Like You Are Not Right": 2S/LGBTQIA+ Survivors' Experiences Accessing Care for Intimate Partner Violence-Caused Brain Injury.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Perceived safety and trust shape transgender and gender diverse participation in exercise science: a consensual qualitative research study.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
- Age-disparate experiences and incidence of gender-based violence victimization of transgender women: findings from a cohort study in eastern and southern United States.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- Developing Guidelines for Conducting Stigma Research With Transgender and Nonbinary Individuals: Protocol for Creation of a Trauma-Informed Approach to Research.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- A Cautionary Tale: Digital Clinical Trial Implementation of a Couples-Based HIV Prevention Study among Transgender Women and Their Partners in the United States.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Feasibility and acceptability of collecting biobehavioral data from Latinx transgender and nonbinary people.International journal of transgender health · 2025Article
- 'Taking it one day at a time' and 'Reaching back out to help someone': How transgender women living with HIV and community stakeholders navigate violence, oppression, and health through coping and advocacy.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Strengthening Community Responses to Economic vulnerability (SeCuRE): a protocol of an HIV status-neutral pilot randomized clinical trial with transgender women of color in Detroit, Michigan.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2024Article
- Recruitment tools for transgender and gender diverse veterans in health care research.Psychological services · 2024Article
- Likelihood of HIV and recent bacterial sexually transmitted infections among transgender and non-binary individuals in 20 European countries, October 2023 to April 2024.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2024Article
- Navigating HIV research among criminalized gender minority populations in Uganda: qualitative insights and lessons learned from novice researchers.International journal for equity in health · 2024Article
- Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Transgender Women With and Without HIV in the Eastern and Southern United States.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Latent Constructs of Economic Marginality Associated with Sexual Behavior, Healthcare Access and HIV Outcomes Among Transgender and Nonbinary People in Three U.S. Cities.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Stigma, social and structural vulnerability, and mental health among transgender women: A partial least square path modeling analysis.Journal of nursing scholarship : an official publication of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing · 2024Article
- 'You have to trust their word': transmasculine experiences with sex partners and safety during the early COVID-19 outbreak.Culture, health & sexuality · 2024Article
- PrEP initiation and discontinuation among transgender women in the United States: a longitudinal, mixed methods cohort study.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2023Article
- Acceptability of Biospecimen Collection Among Sexual and/or Gender Minority Adults in the United States.Annals of LGBTQ public and population health · 2023Article
- HIV Prevention Research Experiences Among Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Persons of Color.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2023Article
- HIV incidence and mortality in transgender women in the eastern and southern USA: a multisite cohort study.The lancet. HIV · 2023Article
- Inclusion of Transgender and Gender Diverse People in Phase III Trials: Examples from HIV Pharmacologic Prevention Studies.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTransgender women (TW) are highly burdened by HIV infection in the USA. Research is needed into drivers of the HIV epidemic for TW, including longitudinal studies to identify risks for incident HIV infection and optimal intervention targets. This formative research sought to understand TW's experiences with, perceptions of and barriers and facilitators to HIV research participation to inform future research implementation.
designBetween August 2017 and January 2018, five online synchronous computer-mediated focus groups were conducted in English and two in Spanish. Recruitment used a mixed format of technology, such as geotargeted social media, and non-technology infused methods, such as peer referrals. Maximum variation sampling was used to enrol participants across a wide range of characteristics. Qualitative codes were iteratively developed and applied to focus group discussion transcripts by independent analysts.
settingParticipants were recruited from Atlanta, Baltimore, Boston, Miami, New York City and Washington D.C.
participantsParticipants identified as TW≥18 years and resided in one of the six metropolitan areas or outlying regions. 33 participants elected to partake in English focus groups and eight participated in Spanish-led groups.
resultsThe geographically diverse sample had a mean age of 41.1 years (SD=13.6), and 34% identified as Black African American and 29% as Hispanic/Latina. Social and economic factors were found to shape HIV research participation for TW. Barriers to HIV research participation included limited research opportunities, mistrust, fear of mistreatment, safety and confidentiality, competing priorities and HIV stigma. Facilitators to HIV research participation were peer involvement and engagement, monetary and non-monetary incentives, flexibility and choices, multiple modalities and methods, and transcenteredness.
conclusionIt is critical to address the social and economic vulnerabilities surrounding HIV research participation for TW. Results from this study can inform the design and implementation of gender-affirming and culturally tailored approaches to HIV research with TW.
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