ArticleJournal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines2020
Mechanisms linking parental educational attainment with child ADHD, depression, and academic problems: a study of extended families in The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study.
Article in Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 118 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence of correlations between human partners based on systematic reviews and meta-analyses of 22 traits and UK Biobank analysis of 133 traits.Nature human behaviour · 2023Pooled it
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Genetically Informed Research: Associations Between Parent Anxiety and Offspring Internalizing Problems.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Parental characteristics and offspring mental health and related outcomes: a systematic review of genetically informative literature.Translational psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Patient characteristics' moderation of multinutrients treatment response in school-age children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Infant Habituation Task Performance Is Associated With Familial Risk for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.JAACAP open · 2026Article
- Article
- Early-life factors associated with developmental trajectories of internalizing and externalizing symptoms from early childhood through adolescence: Rhea mother-child cohort in Crete, Greece.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- Does the family situation impact academic achievement differently in students with versus without neurodevelopmental disorders?The British journal of educational psychology · 2026Article
- Correction: Implications for the Prevention of Poverty-Related Environmental Risks for Childhood ADHD: A Narrative Review.Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Article
- Implications for the Prevention of Poverty-Related Environmental Risks for Childhood ADHD: A Narrative Review.Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Review
- The impact of social determinants of health and trajectories of medication use on functional outcomes in children with ADHD: study protocol.BJPsych open · 2026Article
- Association of parental education with offspring psychiatric diagnoses, violent crimes, and suicidal behavior: a nationwide Swedish quasi-experimental study.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Age-Specific ADHD and Internalizing/Externalizing Comorbidity in Children with Neurofibromatosis Type 1: A Multi-Site Study.Cancers · 2026Article
- Observational
- Parental income and psychiatric disorders from age 10 to 40: a genetically informative population study.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Article
- Prospective study on the impact of parental anxiety on academic performance in children with attention deficit.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Longitudinal associations between maternal and child screen use at 1 year of age and child behavior and development at 3 years of age.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Investigating the reasons behind a later or missed diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in young people: A population cohort study.JCPP advances · 2025Article
- Parental psychological control and depressive symptomatology in Chinese junior middle school students: a moderated mediation model.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Obesity and central accumulation of fat in school-age children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Scientific reports · 2025Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLow educational attainment in parents is associated with child psychopathology. It is not clear whether the associations are due to risk factors that family members share or due to effects of maternal or paternal education on the offspring. We investigate whether associations between maternal and paternal educational attainment and child symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, and academic problems are due to shared genetic factors, shared family environmental factors, or effects of the parental phenotype educational attainment itself.
methodsThis study is based on the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). The sample comprised 34,958 children (17,128 girls) in 28,372 extended-family units. We used data from related nuclear families linked by siblings in the parent generation. We applied a quasi-experimental extended children-of-twins design that included siblings in both generations and took account of nonrandom mating by including partners. Educational attainment was self-reported by mothers and fathers. Mothers reported children's symptoms of ADHD, symptoms of depression, and academic problems by questionnaire when the children were 8 years old.
resultsChildren of lowly educated parents scored higher on all outcomes and had an approximate doubling of the risk of high symptom levels. The association between maternal and paternal educational attainment and child symptoms of ADHD and academic problems persisted after controlling for shared genetic and family environmental factors. Phenotypic transmission to depression was weaker and in the best fitting model fully explained by genetic factors shared by the two generations.
conclusionsAssociations between educational attainment of mothers and fathers and child symptoms of ADHD and academic problems could not be ascribed to shared familial risk factors, whereas associations with symptoms of depression could. Parental education or resources and behaviors resulting from low education might be targets of interventions aimed at reducing symptoms of ADHD and academic problems.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.