ArticleEClinicalMedicine2020
Pre-treatment HIV-drug resistance associated with virologic outcome of first-line NNRTI-antiretroviral therapy: A cohort study in Kenya.
Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Mitochondrial changes associated with viral infectious diseases in the paediatric population.Reviews in medical virology · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Reduced efficacy of HIV-1 integrase inhibitors in patients with drug resistance mutations in reverse transcriptase.Nature communications · 2020Trial
- HIV drug resistance during antiretroviral therapy scale-up in Uganda, 2012-19: a population-based, longitudinal study.The Lancet. Microbe · 2025Article
- Patterns of HIV-1 viral load suppression and drug resistance during the dolutegravir transition: a population-based longitudinal study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Patterns of Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Resistance Mutations in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Libreville, Gabon.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Impact of HIV Pretreatment Drug Resistance on Secondary Transmission Through Treatment Dropout: A Prospective Population-Based Study in Southwestern China.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Population dynamics of HIV drug resistance during treatment scale-up in Uganda: a population-based longitudinal study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Impact of Low-Frequency Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Drug Resistance Mutations on Antiretroviral Therapy Outcomes.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drug Resistance Mutations Detected in Women Prior to Antiretroviral Therapy With Efavirenz + Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate + Lamivudine (or Emtricitabine).Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- HIV protease resistance mutations in patients receiving second-line antiretroviral therapy in Libreville, Gabon.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Pretreatment HIV Drug Resistance and the Molecular Transmission Network Among HIV-Positive Individuals in China in 2022: Multicenter Observational Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2023Observational
- Article
- Efficacy of Efavirenz-Based Regimen in Antiretroviral-Naïve Patients with HIV-1 V179D/E Mutations in Shanghai, China.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2023Article
- Determinants of therapy failure among adults on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Asmara, Eritrea: a multicenter retrospective matched case-control study.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Article
- Article
- Cryptococcal Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome: From Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers to Treatment Approaches.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Rapid HIV-1 drug resistance testing in a resource limited setting: the Pan Degenerate Amplification and Adaptation assay (PANDAA).The Pan African medical journal · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPre-treatment HIV-drug-resistance (PDR) to WHO-recommended 1st-line non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)-based antiretroviral treatment (ART) is increasing in low-resource communities. We evaluated the risk of PDR on treatment failure if detected at single or multiple codons, at minority (2-9%) or higher (≥10%) frequencies during efavirenz- vs. nevirapine-ART.
methodsWe conducted a pooled analysis across three cohorts of Kenyans initiating 1st-line NNRTI-ART between 2006 and 2014. Mutations K103N, Y181C, G190A, M184V and K65R were detected by an oligonucleotide ligation assay (OLA) and confirmed by Sanger and next-generation sequencing (NGS). PDR was defined as detection of any mutation by OLA when confirmed by NGS. Treatment failure, defined as plasma HIV RNA ≥400 copies/mL at month-12 of ART, was compared by PDR genotypes.
findingsPDR was detected in 59/1231 (4·8%) participants. Compared to wild-type genotypes, PDR in participants prescribed nevirapine-ART was associated with increased treatment failure [PDR 69·2% (27/39) vs. wild-type 10·4% (70/674);
interpretationThe risk that PDR confers for treatment failure varies by number of mutant codons and their frequency in the quasispecies, with a lower risk for efavirenz- compared to nevirapine-based regimens. PDR detection and management could extend the effective use of efavirenz-ART in low-resource settings.
fundingNIH, PEPFAR.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
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