ArticlePreventive medicine reports2020
Do inequalities add up? Intersectional inequalities in smoking by sexual orientation and education among U.S. adults.
Article in Preventive medicine reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Identifying the ways in which tobacco cessation interventions have been tailored for sexual and gender minority individuals: A systematic review.Journal of health psychology · 2025Pooled it
- Inequities in blunt use across multiple socio-demographic intersections among US adults.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Article
- Machine learning approach to examine the intersectional association of social identities and circumstance with current cigarette smoking among US adults.Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs · 2025Article
- Smoking among Malaysian adults aged ≥15 years: A secondary dataset analysis of Global Adult Tobacco Survey-Malaysia 2023 (GATS-M 2023).Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- Reprint of: Smoking and pulmonary health in women: A narrative review and behavioral health perspective.Preventive medicine · 2024Review
- Who uses cigarette price promotions in the U.S.? examining the combined effect of social identities.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- Patterns of Tobacco and Cannabis Use Among Sexual Minority Females and Males From PATH Wave 5: The Role of Sociodemographic and Psychosocial Correlates.Substance use & addiction journal · 2024Article
- Perceived discrimination and youth vaping: The role of intersectional identities.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Article
- Dual and polytobacco use disparities at the intersection of age, sex, race and ethnicity, and income among US adults. Results from the 2018-2019 TUS-CPS.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Disparities in Cigarette, E-cigarette, Cigar, and Smokeless Tobacco Use at the Intersection of Multiple Social Identities in the US Adult Population. Results From the Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey 2018-2019 Survey.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- Sex and Sexual Identity Differences in Poly-tobacco Use and Psychological Distress in U.S. Adults: Results From the National Health Interview Survey.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- Disparities in fruit and vegetable intake at the intersection of gender and education in northern Sweden: a cross-sectional study.BMC nutrition · 2022Article
- Article
- The pattern in prevalence and sociodemographic factors of smoking in Malaysia, 2011-2019: Findings from national surveys.Tobacco induced diseases · 2022Article
- Past-year discrimination and cigarette smoking among sexual minority women: investigating racial/ethnic and sexual identity differences.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2021Article
- Cigarette smoking behaviors and the importance of ethnicity and genetic ancestry.Translational psychiatry · 2021Article
- Intersectional equity in health care: assessing complex inequities in primary and secondary care utilization by gender and education in northern Sweden.International journal for equity in health · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionInequalities in smoking by socio-economic status (SES) are well-known. A growing body of literature has demonstrated additional inequalities in smoking by sexual orientation. This study used an intersectional lens to examine smoking at the intersection of sexual orientation and education.
methodsData come from 28,362 adult participants in Wave 2 (2014-2015) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. We used educational level (less than high school education (HS); HS or more) and sexual orientation (heterosexual; sexual minority) to form four intersectional positions.We estimated prevalence differences in smoking corresponding to joint, referent, and excess intersectional inequalities using weighted linear binomial regression models. Results were stratified by gender and adjusted for ethnicity and age.
resultsThe adjusted joint inequality represented 7.6% points (p.p.) (95% CI: 2.5, 12.8) difference in smoking between the doubly advantaged (heterosexual with HS or more) and doubly disadvantaged (sexual minority with less than HS) positions. Joint inequality was decomposed into referent SES inequality (12.5 p.p. (95% CI: 10.5, 14.4)); referent sexual orientation inequality (9.7 p.p. (95% CI: 6.8, 12.6)); and a substantial negative excess intersectional inequality (-14.6 p.p. (95% CI: -20.8, -8.3)), attributed to an unexpectedly low prevalence of smoking among doubly disadvantaged persons. Similar overall patterns were found in the stratified analyses.
conclusionsWe found that "doubly-disadvantaged" group of low-educated sexual minority adults did not have the greatest burden of smoking; whereas, low-educated heterosexual adults had the highest smoking prevalence. Our findings support tailoring cessation interventions to disadvantaged groups' different needs.
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