Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31955846›Full record

ArticleCell2020

Identification of a Master Regulator of Differentiation in Toxoplasma.

Benjamin S Waldman, Dominic Schwarz, Marc H Wadsworth, Jeroen P Saeij, Alex K Shalek, Sebastian Lourido

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 162 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
162citing papers in PubMed
29.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

162 citing papers in PubMed, 275 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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  6. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
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  15. A single-cell atlas ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Bioassay of the infectivity of heat-treatedFood and waterborne parasitology · 2026
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

102 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Benjamin S WaldmanWhitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
Dominic SchwarzWhitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Marc H WadsworthInstitute for Medical Engineering & Science, Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02319, USA.
Jeroen P SaeijDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Alex K ShalekInstitute for Medical Engineering & Science, Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02319, USA.
Sebastian LouridoWhitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Electronic address: lourido@wi.mit.edu.
Broad Institute · USWhitehead Institute for Biomedical Research · USHeidelberg University · DEUniversity of California, Davis · US

Funding

Systems investigation of vaccine responses in B cell depleted autoimmune patientsU19AI089992 · NIAID · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI David A. Hafler, RUTH R MONTGOMERY · 2010 to 2026
$50.4M
Toxoplasma strain-specific modulation of mouse immune cellsR01AI080621 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI SAEIJ, JEROEN · 2009 to 2018
$3.6M
Dissecting essential signaling pathways in apicomplexan parasitesDP5OD017892 · OD · WHITEHEAD INSTITUTE FOR BIOMEDICAL RES · PI LOURIDO, SEBASTIAN · 2013 to 2017
$2.4M
"Bottom - Up" Profiling of Interacting Cellular SystemsDP2GM119419 · NIGMS · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI SHALEK, ALEX K · 2015 to 2015
$2.3M
An integrated multiplexed genomic assay for low input clinical samples1U24AI118672 · NIAID · BROAD INSTITUTE, INC. · PI SHALEK, ALEX K · 2015 to 2019
$2.0M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI080621NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI089992NIAID NIH HHS U24 AI118672NIGMS NIH HHS DP2 GM119419NIH HHS DP5 OD017892
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii chronically infects a quarter of the world's population, and its recrudescence can cause life-threatening disease in immunocompromised individuals and recurrent ocular lesions in the immunocompetent. Acute-stage tachyzoites differentiate into chronic-stage bradyzoites, which form intracellular cysts resistant to immune clearance and existing therapies. The molecular basis of this differentiation is unknown, despite being efficiently triggered by stresses in culture. Through Cas9-mediated screening and single-cell profiling, we identify a Myb-like transcription factor (BFD1) necessary for differentiation in cell culture and in mice. BFD1 accumulates during stress and its synthetic expression is sufficient to drive differentiation. Consistent with its function as a transcription factor, BFD1 binds the promoters of many stage-specific genes and represents a counterpoint to the ApiAP2 factors that dominate our current view of parasite gene regulation. BFD1 provides a genetic switch to study and control Toxoplasma differentiation and will inform prevention and treatment of chronic infections.

Indexed as

AnimalsCell DifferentiationFemaleFibroblastsGene Expression RegulationHumansMiceMice, Inbred StrainsPhylogenyPromoter Regions, GeneticProtozoan ProteinsToxoplasmaToxoplasmosisTranscription FactorsProtozoan ProteinsTranscription Factorsbradyzoitechronic infectiondifferentiationmaster regulatorsingle-cell RNA-sequencingToxoplasma gondii

Identifiers

PMID31955846
PMCPMC6978799
OpenAlexW2999177236

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.