ArticleObesity facts2020
Understanding the Interrelationship between Education, Income, and Obesity among Adults in Saudi Arabia.
Article in Obesity facts, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence, risk factors, and interventions for obesity in Saudi Arabia: A systematic review.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2022Pooled it
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- Inequalities in lifestyle and metabolic risk factors across wealth and education levels among TUMS employees.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding osteoporosis among hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
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- Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of pregnant and postpartum women regarding stress urinary incontinence.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association Between Socio-Economic Status (SES) and the Traditional Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD): A Cross-Sectional MASHAD Cohort Study Results.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the impact of diet on pregnancy among infertile individuals: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Toward Spinal Cord Tumors Among Patients and Their Families in Beijing: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2025Article
- Chronic disease risk factors among hospital employees: A cross-sectional study in Türkiye.PloS one · 2025Article
- Social survey on knowledge, attitude and practice of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic inequalities in overweight and obesity among adults: Results from the Indonesian Food Barometer study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Article
- A systematic review of obesity burden in Saudi Arabia: Prevalence and associated co-morbidities.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2024Review
- Knowledge, attitude, and practice of inpatients with cardiovascular disease regarding obstructive sleep apnea.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Determinants for Mediterranean diet adherence beyond the boundaries: a cross-sectional study from Sharjah, the United Arab Emirates.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- Weight Misperception is Prevalent Among Turkish Adults and Associated with Higher Age, Body Mass Index and Lower Education Status.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2024Article
- Exploring cultural, social, and biological factors influencing obesity onset in two racial-ethnic groups in Quibdó, Colombia.Journal of nutritional science · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo examine the association of sociodemographic variables with the odds of being obese among adults in Saudi Arabia, and to examine whether or not the association between the educational level and the odds of being obese among adults in Saudi Arabia is modified by the income level.
methodsA total of 3,925 participants were recruited for this cross--sectional study. Sociodemographic and anthropometric data were collected using standardized procedures. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models were examined, with a dichotomous obesity status variable as the outcome. Furthermore, an interaction term for income level with educational level was tested and appeared significant. Thus, additional regression models were run in order to examine the association between educational level and obesity status separately among the low- and higher-income groups.
resultsCompared to participants with a college degree or higher, illiterate participants and those with an elementary education had higher odds of obesity (OR: 2.76, 95% CI: 1.81-4.22, and OR: 2.68, 95% CI: 1.89-3.82, respectively). However, participants with a low income had lower odds than participants who had a higher income (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.70-0.99). Examining the association between educational level and obesity while stratifying by income revealed that a negative association between education and obesity exists among both income groups. However, the magnitude of the ORs was higher among participants with higher income, suggesting a stronger association between education and obesity among wealthier individuals.
conclusionIndividuals in the highest income bracket with lower levels of education may have greater odds of obesity. Targeting them in intervention programs is warranted.
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