ReviewEuropean journal of public health2020
Bringing the commercial determinants of health out of the shadows: a review of how the commercial determinants are represented in conceptual frameworks.
Review in European journal of public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Commercial determinants of health: an ethical exploration.International journal of public health · 2020Pooled it
- The impact of menthol cigarette use on quit attempts and abstinence among smokers with opioid use disorder.Addictive behaviors · 2021Trial
- Power, Politics, and Policy in the Making of Health Inequities: An Empirical Study of Equity-Oriented Policy Actors in Canada.International journal of social determinants of health and health services · 2026Article
- An initial typology of the commercial determinants of physical activity.Health promotion international · 2026Article
- Measuring the influence of commercial determinants of health at the individual level: Protocol for tool development and validation.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Reviewing ecosystems of evidence: synthesising the evidence on the commercial determinants of health from a complex systems perspective.Systematic reviews · 2026Article
- Commercial determinants of health-a scoping review of research 'made in Germany'.European journal of public health · 2026Article
- Youth washing as a corporate social responsibility tactic of health-harming industries.Health promotion international · 2026Article
- The end of the garden path? Analyzing smallholder tobacco farming income and decision-making in Mozambique.Globalization and health · 2026Article
- "Who the hell is upstream pushing them all in?" Reclaiming public health's defining metaphor to counter the commercial determinants of health.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- The Political Determinants of Oral Health Inequalities: Lessons in Policy Development and Implementation From Six Case Studies.Community dentistry and oral epidemiology · 2025Review
- Who funds the WHO Foundation? A transparency analysis of donation disclosures over the first 3 years of its operation.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Labelling the debate: a thematic analysis of alcohol industry submissions to the EU consultation on alcohol health warnings in Ireland.Globalization and health · 2025Article
- A Commercial Determinants of Health Perspective on the Food Environments of Public Hospitals for Children and Young People in High-Income Countries: We Need to Re-Prioritize Health.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Review
- Understanding the dynamics driving obesity in socioeconomically deprived urban neighbourhoods: an expert-based systems map.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Transforming trade for vaccine equity: Policy gaps and barriers.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Harmful Marketing: An Overlooked Social Determinant of Health.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2025Review
- Toward a roadmap for addressing today's health dilemma-The 101-statement consensus report.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- [How societal dynamics contribute to obesity in low-income neighbourhoods and how they can be disrupted].TSG : tijdschrift voor gezondheidswetenschappen · 2025Article
- Real-World Application of Unhealthy Commodity Industries' Corporate Political Activity Research Comment on "Corporate Political Activity: Taxonomies and Model of Corporate Influence on Public Policy".International journal of health policy and management · 2025Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe term 'commercial determinants of health' (CDOH) is increasingly focussing attention upon the role of tobacco, alcohol and food and beverage companies and others-as important drivers of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). However, the CDOH do not seem to be clearly represented in the most common social determinants of health (SDOH) frameworks. We review a wide range of existing frameworks of the determinants of health to determine whether and how commercial determinants are incorporated into current SDOH thinking.
methodsWe searched for papers and non-academic reports published in English since 2000 describing influences on population health outcomes. We included documents with a formal conceptual framework or diagram, showing the integration of the different determinants.
resultsForty-eight framework documents were identified. Only one explicitly included the CDOH in a conceptual diagram. Ten papers discussed the commercial determinants in some form in the text only and fourteen described negative impacts of commercial determinants in the text. Twelve discussed positive roles for the private sector in producing harmful commodities. Overall, descriptions of commercial determinants are frequently understated, not made explicit, or simply missing. The role of commercial actors as vectors of NCDs is largely absent or invisible in many of the most influential conceptual diagrams.
conclusionsOur current public health models may risk framing public health problems and solutions in ways that obscure the role that the private sector, in particular large transnational companies, play in shaping the broader environment and individual behaviours, and thus population health outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.