Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31950411›Full record

ArticleEnvironmental science and pollution research international2020

Trace elements, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, mineral composition, and FT-IR characterization of unrefined sea and rock salts: environmental interactions.

Sotirios Karavoltsos, Aikaterini Sakellari, Evangelos Bakeas, Georgios Bekiaris, Marta Plavšić, Charalampos Proestos, Spiros Zinelis, Konstantinos Koukoulakis, Ioannis Diakos, Manos Dassenakis and 1 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Environmental science and pollution research international, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.3field-weighted citation impact, top 22% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Sotirios KaravoltsosLaboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 157 84, Athens, Greece. skarav@chem.uoa.gr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3540-123X
Aikaterini SakellariLaboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 157 84, Athens, Greece.
Evangelos BakeasLaboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 157 84, Athens, Greece.
Georgios BekiarisLaboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural University of Athens, 118 55, Athens, Greece.
Marta PlavšićCenter for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, P.O. Box 180, 10002, Zagreb, Croatia.
Charalampos ProestosLaboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 157 84, Athens, Greece.
Spiros ZinelisDepartment of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 21, Athens, Greece.
Konstantinos KoukoulakisLaboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 157 84, Athens, Greece.
Ioannis DiakosLaboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 157 84, Athens, Greece.
Manos DassenakisLaboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 157 84, Athens, Greece.
Nick KalogeropoulosDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, 176 76, Athens, Greece.
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens · GRAgricultural University of Athens · GRHarokopio University of Athens · GRRuđer Bošković Institute · HR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Unrefined sea salt originates from seawater, typically by natural evaporation. Being minimally processed, it contains the natural minerals and impurities of seawater. Despite the wide applications of salt for culinary and food preservation purposes, the available composition data is particularly limited. Since seawater often contains various harmful substances at a trace or ultra-trace level, their determination in unrefined salt is significant in terms of quality control and food safety. Twenty-four (24) samples of unrefined sea and rock salts retailed in Greece were studied in terms of their trace metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content, which constitute the usual pollutants examined in seawater. In addition, samples' color and mineralogy were recorded and their attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectra were obtained. No statistically significant differences were found between sea and rock salts regarding their trace metal (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) content (excluding V) and the 15 PAHs examined. ATR FT-IR succeeded to discriminate among sea, rock, flower, and underground salty water salts. Compared with the typical trace metal concentrations in seawater, quite high Pb values were determined in both sea and rock salts, whereas outliers in the rest of the trace elements examined were scarce. Median values of the sum of PAH (ΣPAHs) concentrations were calculated equal to 2.1 and 2.6 ng g

Indexed as

Environmental MonitoringGreeceMineralsPolycyclic Aromatic HydrocarbonsSeawaterSpectroscopy, Fourier Transform InfraredTrace ElementsWater Pollutants, ChemicalMineralsPolycyclic Aromatic HydrocarbonsTrace ElementsWater Pollutants, ChemicalATR FT-IRPAHsRock saltSea saltTrace metalsUnrefined salt

Identifiers

PMID31950411
OpenAlexW3000390654

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.