ArticleEuropean journal of epidemiology2020
Seasonal and pandemic influenza during pregnancy and risk of fetal death: A Norwegian registry-based cohort study.
Article in European journal of epidemiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- COVID-19 and miscarriage: From immunopathological mechanisms to actual clinical evidence.Journal of reproductive immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Understanding COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Black pregnant individuals: a mixed methods study of social media messenger and content type preferences.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Influenza Activity and Preterm Birth in the Atlanta Metropolitan Area: A Time-Series Analysis from 2010 to 2017.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Common pathways targeted by viral hemorrhagic fever viruses to infect the placenta and increase the risk of stillbirth.Placenta · 2023Article
- Influenza-associated respiratory illness among five cohorts of pregnant women and their young infants (0-6 months), Bangladesh, 2013-2017.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2023Article
- Expert consensus on vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Japan.Journal of gastroenterology · 2023Article
- Comorbidity of Mitral Valve Stenosis with Influenza in Pregnancy, A Case Report.Advanced biomedical research · 2023Article
- The convergent evolution of influenza A virus: Implications, therapeutic strategies and what we need to know.Current research in microbial sciences · 2023Article
- Clinical and economic burden of physician-diagnosed influenza in adults during the 2017/2018 epidemic season in Spain.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Incidence of influenza and other respiratory viruses among pregnant women: A multi-country, multiyear cohort.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2022Article
- Maternal vaccination: a review of current evidence and recommendations.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2022Review
- Pregnancy and pandemics: Interaction of viral surface proteins and placenta cells.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease · 2021Review
- Lessons learned from the A (H1N1) influenza pandemic.Best practice & research. Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology · 2021Review
- Association of Maternal Influenza Vaccination During Pregnancy With Early Childhood Health Outcomes.JAMA · 2021Article
- Association of Stress-Related Factors With Anxiety Among Chinese Pregnant Participants in an Online Crisis Intervention During COVID-19 Epidemic.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- Review
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Previous studies of fetal death with maternal influenza have been inconsistent. We explored the effect of maternal influenza-like illness (ILI) in pregnancy on the risk of fetal death, distinguishing between diagnoses during regular influenza seasons and the 2009/2010 pandemic and between trimesters of ILI. We used birth records from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway to identify fetal deaths after the first trimester in singleton pregnancies (2006-2013). The Norwegian Directorate of Health provided dates of clinical influenza diagnoses by primary-health-care providers, whereas dates of laboratory-confirmed influenza A (H1N1) diagnoses were provided by the Norwegian Surveillance System for Communicable Diseases. We obtained dates and types of influenza vaccinations from the Norwegian Immunisation Registry. Cox proportional-hazards regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of fetal death, with associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs), comparing women with and without an ILI diagnosis in pregnancy. There were 2510 fetal deaths among 417,406 eligible pregnancies. ILI during regular seasons was not associated with increased risk of fetal death: adjusted HR = 0.90 (95% CI 0.64-1.27). In contrast, ILI during the pandemic was associated with substantially increased risk of fetal death, with an adjusted HR of 1.75 (95% CI 1.21-2.54). The risk was highest following first-trimester ILI (adjusted HR = 2.28 [95% CI 1.45-3.59]). ILI during the pandemic-but not during regular seasons-was associated with increased risk of fetal death in the second and third trimester. The estimated effect was strongest with ILI in first trimester.
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