ArticlePharmaceutical research2020
Immunogenicity of Milk Protein-Containing Hydrophilic Gel Patch for Epicutaneous Immunotherapy for Milk Allergy.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microneedles: Selected Applications for Pediatrics.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Rethinking asthma therapy, part 2: transdermal strategies for adjunct asthma and allergy treatments.Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques · 2026Review
- Microneedles in Allergy Immunotherapy: the Present and Future.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2025Review
- Milk protein-based hydrogels: Development and biomedical applications.Biomaterials translational · 2025Review
- Application of PLGA-PEG-PLGA Nanoparticles to Percutaneous Immunotherapy for Food Allergy.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Advancing immunotherapy using biomaterials to control tissue, cellular, and molecular level immune signaling in skin.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2024Review
- Exploiting Unique Features of Microneedles to Modulate Immunity.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2023Review
- Recent advances in epicutaneous immunotherapy and potential applications in food allergy.Frontiers in allergy · 2023Review
- Oral Immunotherapy for Children with Cow's Milk Allergy.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- The Role of Regulatory T Cells in Epicutaneous Immunotherapy for Food Allergy.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeEpicutaneous immunotherapy (EPIT) involving the skin's immune system is easy to use, painless and has a low risk of systemic side effects; it can be applied to food allergies that have a high morbidity rate in children. In this study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of hydrophilic gel patch (HG) for EPIT.
methodsMilk protein concentrate (MPC)-containing HG was applied to the skin that maintained a barrier function or formed puncture holes with microneedle, and MPC-specific antibodies were measured. The clinical study was conducted involving patients with severe milk allergy.
resultsNo specific immune response was induced when immunizing to intact skin, and antibody production was observed by forming puncture holes. It was suggested that MPC contained in HG has immunogenicity and a very small amount of MPC was delivered to intact skin. In the clinical study, the symptom induction threshold increased in four of eight subjects, allowing them to consume milk and switch to oral immunotherapy. Although local skin reactions and temporary elevation of specific IgE antibodies were observed, no systemic side effects appeared throughout the study.
conclusionsEPIT using HG is a safe method to enable oral administration even in patients with severe milk allergies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.