ArticleParasitology research2020
Occurrence of Kalicephalus, Strongyloides, and Rhabdias nematodes as most common gastrointestinal parasites in captive snakes of German households and zoological gardens.
Article in Parasitology research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence, Genetic Diversity, and Zoonotic Transmission Potential of Cryptosporidium spp. in Snakes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Veterinary medicine and science · 2026Pooled it
- First report on aInternational journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2026Article
- Gastrointestinal protozoan and helminth parasite infections in captive chameleons in Germany.Parasitology research · 2026Article
- Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infections in Captive Snakes, Bangladesh.Veterinary medicine and science · 2026Article
- Veterinary medicine in reintroduction and reinforcement of the European pond turtle Emys orbicularis: a review.BMC veterinary research · 2025Review
- Molecular Detection of Different Species ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- First identification of a patent pentastomid pulmonary (International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2025Article
- A preliminary microscopic and molecular epidemiological survey of endoparasites within wild-caught and UK captive-bred reptiles: Assessing a potential parasitic disease public health risk?International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2025Article
- Parasites and microorganisms associated with the snakes collected for the "festa Dei serpari" in Cocullo, Italy.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Cryptosporidium spp. in captive snakes from 26 provinces in China: Prevalence, molecular characterization, and symptoms.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2024Article
- Diet of a threatened rattlesnake (eastern massasauga) revealed by DNA metabarcoding.Ecology and evolution · 2023Article
- The Occurrence of the Strongylid Nematodes,Archives of Razi Institute · 2023Article
- First report of acanthocephalan parasite in wild-caught Asian vine snake (Veterinary world · 2023Article
- Parasitic Helminths in Snakes from The Global Legal Trade.Helminthologia · 2021Article
- Endoparasites infecting exotic captive amphibian pet and zoo animals (Anura, Caudata) in Germany.Parasitology research · 2020Article
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3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nowadays, snakes established as domestic exotic pets, harboring numerous (zoonotic) gastrointestinal parasites. In this parasitological survey, we used direct saline fecal smears (DSFS) to examine 586 stool samples from 71 different snake species either kept as pets in households or in zoological gardens in Germany. In addition to DSFS, carbol-fuchsin-fecal smears (n = 296), coproantigen ELISA tests (n = 98), and immunofluorescence assays (IFA; n = 77) for the detection reptile Cryptosporidium infections were conducted. Complete dissections of deceased snakes (n = 63) were also performed in order to gain data on endoparasite species burdens affecting domestic snakes. Overall, examined fecal samples contained 20 different parasite taxa: Ancylostomatid Kalicephalus spp. were the most prevalent nematode species (3.3%), followed by Strongyloides/Rhabdias (2.6%), flagellated protozoan trophozoites (e. g., Proteromonadida, Reteromonadida) (2.3%), Monocercomonas spp. (1.9%), Entamoeba spp. (1.4%), unsporulated coccidian oocysts (1.4%), Kapsulotaenia spp. (0.9%), Capillaria spp. (0.7%), indet. trematodes (0.5%), pentastomids (0.5%), spirurids (0.4%), Eimeria spp. (0.4%), ascarids (0.4%), Blastocystis sp. (0.2%), heterakids (0.2%), cestodes (Proteocephalidae) (0.2%), Plagiorchis spp. (0.2%), Cryptosporidium spp. (0.2%), Caryospora epicratesi (0.2%), and Sarcocystis spp. (0.2%). For Cryptosporidium, four carbol-fuchsin-stained smears (1.4%), 12 (12.2%) coproantigen ELISA-examined samples and 5.2% of examined samples were diagnosed with IFA. Fourteen (22.2%) of dissected snakes showed infections with various pathogenic nematode genera and 8 of them (12.7%) died due to protozoan parasitic infections. High prevalences of intestinal protozoan parasites resulting in severe pathological findings observed in dissected snakes call for more detailed investigations on gastrointestinal parasites.
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