ArticleNature communications2020
Microglial activation increases cocaine self-administration following adolescent nicotine exposure.
Article in Nature communications, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 47 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed.
- Chronic Smoking Impairs Glymphatic Transport and Cognitive Function in Adolescent Mice Through Cardiac, Vascular, and Perivascular Aquaporin-4 Mechanisms.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Substance abuse and inflammation: consequences beyond the brain.Trends in immunology · 2026Review
- Adolescent nicotine exposure and persistent neurocircuitry changes: unveiling lifelong psychiatric risks.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Review
- Potential roles for microglia in drug addiction: Adolescent neurodevelopment and beyond.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2025Review
- Review
- Dynorphinergic lateral hypothalamus to posterior ventral tegmental area pathway matures after adolescence in male rats.Neuropharmacology · 2025Article
- Chlorpromazine directly inhibits Kv1.3 channels by facilitating the inactivation of channels.Molecular brain · 2025Article
- Animal models of cocaine use: importance of social context and co-use.Trends in pharmacological sciences · 2025Review
- "Unraveling the role ofReceptors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- A ketogenic diet regulates microglial activation to treat drug addiction.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Nicotine is an Immunosuppressant: Implications for Women's Health and Disease.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2024Review
- CYP7B1 deficiency impairs myeloid cell activation in autoimmune disease of the central nervous system.PNAS nexus · 2024Article
- Microglia in neuroimmunopharmacology and drug addiction.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Review
- The HMGB1-RAGE axis in nucleus accumbens facilitates cocaine-induced conditioned place preference via modulating microglial activation.Brain and behavior · 2024Article
- Sub-chronic nicotine exposure influences methamphetamine self-administration and dopamine overflow in a sex-and genotype-dependent manner in humanizedFrontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Nicotine and fluoxetine alter adolescent dopamine-mediated behaviors via 5-HTFrontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Consequences of adolescent drug use.Translational psychiatry · 2023Review
- Toll-like receptor 4 antagonists reduce cocaine-primed reinstatement of drug seeking.Psychopharmacology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
With the rise of e-cigarette use, teen nicotine exposure is becoming more widespread. Findings from clinical and preclinical studies show that the adolescent brain is particularly sensitive to nicotine. Animal studies have demonstrated that adolescent nicotine exposure increases reinforcement for cocaine and other drugs. However, the mechanisms that underlie these behaviors are poorly understood. Here, we report reactive microglia are critical regulators of nicotine-induced increases in adolescent cocaine self-administration. Nicotine has dichotomous, age-dependent effects on microglial morphology and immune transcript profiles. A multistep signaling mechanism involving D2 receptors and CX3CL1 mediates nicotine-induced increases in cocaine self-administration and microglial activation. Moreover, nicotine depletes presynaptic markers in a manner that is microglia-, D2- and CX3CL1-dependent. Taken together, we demonstrate that adolescent microglia are uniquely susceptible to perturbations by nicotine, necessary for nicotine-induced increases in cocaine-seeking, and that D2 receptors and CX3CL1 play a mechanistic role in these phenomena.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.