ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2020
Self-medication and knowledge among pregnant women attending primary healthcare services in Malang, Indonesia: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and associated factors of self-medication in worldwide pregnant women: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward medication use among pregnant women attending Mansoura university hospital antenatal care clinics: an analytic cross-sectional study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Use of analgesics during pregnancy: patterns of use and knowledge of medication safety among women in Serbia.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Non-prescribed drug use and its associated factors among pregnant women in Southwest Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Toward Medication Use During Pregnancy: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Survey.Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology of India · 2025Article
- Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Medication Use During Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study in Western Uganda.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Assessment of Self-Medication Awareness During Pregnancy Among Saudi Women in Madinah: A Cross-Sectional Study.Cureus · 2025Article
- Self-medication and knowledge of pregnant women about the use of medication during pregnancy in the cities of Rijeka and Zadar, Croatia.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Article
- The Knowledge Acquired by Parents in Pregnancy Monitoring Consultations.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice on self-care with over-the-counter medicines among pregnant women.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2024Article
- Article
- Knowledge and attitudes toward over-the-counter medications among pharmacy students: insights from a cross-sectional study in Taif University, Saudi Arabia.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Self-medication among pregnant women in comparison to the general population: a scoping review of the main characteristics.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2024Article
- Spatial distribution and multilevel analysis of factors associated with long-acting reversible contraceptive use among sexually active women of reproductive age in Nigeria.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2023Article
- Self-care interventions for preconception, antenatal, intrapartum and postpartum care: a scoping review.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Prevalence, predictors and pregnancy outcomes of unprescribed and herbal medicine use in Ibadan, Nigeria.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2023Article
- Medication Use and Associated Factors Among Indonesian Pregnant Women: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2023Article
- Modern drug self-medication and associated factors among pregnant women at Settat city, Morocco.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Knowledge, Information Sources, and Institutional Trust of Patients Regarding Medication Use in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review.Journal of family & reproductive health · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSelf-medication with over-the-counter (OTC) drugs is an important public health concern, especially in the vulnerable population of pregnant women due to potential risks to both the mother and fetus. Few studies have studied how factors, such as knowledge, affect self-medication. This study investigated self-medication and its associated factors among pregnant women attending healthcare services in Malang, Indonesia.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from July to September 2018 in five healthcare services. A self-administered questionnaire was used and the data were analyzed using multiple regression models.
resultsOf 333 female participants, 39 (11.7%) used OTC medication. Women with a higher level of knowledge of OTC medication were more likely to self-medicate-adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03-4.46. Compared with those with less knowledge, pregnant women with more correct knowledge of the possible risk of self-medication were less likely to self-medicate-aOR = 0.29; 95% CI = 0.14-0.60. The effect of a higher level of knowledge of OTC medication was significant among women who had middle school and lower education-aOR = 8.18; 95% CI = 1.70-39.35. The effect of correct knowledge on the possible risks of self-medication was significant only among women with high school and higher education-aOR = 0.17; 95% CI = 0.07-0.42.
conclusionImparting specific knowledge of the potential risks of using non-prescribed medication during pregnancy may help pregnant women navigate and more safely manage their OTC use. We also suggest further collecting data from more healthcare services, such as hospitals, to obtain more findings generalizable to the Indonesian community.
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