ArticleBMC infectious diseases2020
Incidence of common opportunistic infections among HIV-infected children on ART at Debre Markos referral hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incidence and predictors of common opportunistic infections among children less than 15 years of age on antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Incidence rate of tuberculosis among HIV infected children in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pediatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Opportunistic infections among schoolchildren who were on antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Predicting cervical cancer among women living with HIV/AIDS at public health facilities in a resource-limited setting in Ethiopia using machine learning analysis.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- HIV Cure Research: Ethical and Real-World Practical Considerations for Pediatric and Adolescent Populations.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2026Article
- Time to incidence of tuberculosis and its predictors among adult HIV/AIDS patients who initiated ART by the Universal Test and Treat approach in Silte Zone, Ethiopia, 2023.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Incidence and Predictors of Opportunistic Infection Among People Living With HIV in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.AIDS research and treatment · 2026Review
- Predictors of HIV Vertical Transmission in Exposed Infants in Northwest, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Survival analysis and predictors for hemoglobin level and time-to-default from HIV treatment among first-line female HIV-positive patients within the reproductive age group.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Opportunistic Infections and Determinants Among HIV-Positive Patients in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Health science reports · 2025Article
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- Article
- Incidence and predictors of common opportunistic infections among children living with HIV at Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Predictors for the incidence of pneumonia among HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy in Amhara Regional State Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals, Ethiopia: a multicenter retrospective follow-up study.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Children on Treatment in Southern Morocco: A 12-Years Retrospective Follow-up Study.Infection & chemotherapy · 2024Article
- Central Nervous System Complications of HIV in Children.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2024Review
- Follow-up for 3 years of a pediatric population diagnosed in 2018 with mother-to-child transmission of HIV in 8 Latin American countries in the PLANTAIDS cohort.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Time to develop adverse drug reactions and associated factors among children HIV positive patients on antiretroviral treatment in North West Amhara Specialized Hospitals: Retrospective cohort study, 2022.Health science reports · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOpportunistic infections (OIs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). For better treatments and interventions, current and up-to-date information concerning occurrence of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected children is crucial. However, studies regarding the incidence of common opportunistic infections in HIV-infected children in Ethiopia are very limited. Hence, this study aimed to determine the incidence of opportunistic infections among HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy (ART) at Debre Markos Referral Hospital.
methodsA facility-based retrospective cohort study was undertaken at Debre Markos Referral Hospital for the period of January 1, 2005 to March 31, 2019. A total of 408 HIV-infected children receiving ART were included. Data from HIV-infected children charts were extracted using a data extraction form adapted from ART entry and follow-up forms. Data were entered using Epi-data™ Version 3.1 and analyzed using Stata™ Version 14. The Kaplan Meier survival curve was used to estimate the opportunistic infections free survival time. Both bi-variable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were fitted to identify the predictors of opportunistic infections.
resultsThis study included the records of 408 HIV-infected children-initiated ART between the periods of January 1, 2005 to March 31, 2019. The overall incidence rate of opportunistic infections during the follow-up time was 9.7 (95% CI: 8.13, 11.48) per 100 child-years of observation. Tuberculosis at 29.8% was the most commonly encountered OI at follow-up. Children presenting with advanced disease stage (III and IV) (AHR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2, 2.7), having "fair" or "poor" ART adherence (AHR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.8, 3.8), not taking OI prophylaxis (AHR:1.6, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.4), and CD4 count or % below the threshold (AHR:1.7, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.6) were at a higher risk of developing opportunistic infections.
conclusionsIn this study, the incidence rate of opportunistic infections among HIV-infected children remained high. Concerning predictors, such as advanced disease stage (III and IV), CD4 count or % below the threshold, "fair" or "poor" ART adherence, and not taking past OI prophylaxis were found to be significantly associated with OIs.
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