ArticleCancers2020
In the Absence of a TCR Signal IL-2/IL-12/18-Stimulated γδ T Cells Demonstrate Potent Anti-Tumoral Function Through Direct Killing and Senescence Induction in Cancer Cells.
Article in Cancers, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unconventional T cells in urological cancers: catch them if you can.Nature reviews. Urology · 2026Review
- Engineering CAR-Vδ2 T cells to boost persistence and anti-tumor function.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- IL-21-reprogrammed Vδ1 T cells exert killing against solid tumors which is enhanced by CAR arming for off-the-shelf immunotherapy.Oncoimmunology · 2025Article
- Article
- Expansion strategies for Vδ2 γδT cells in cancer immunotherapy: Activation, cytokines, and culture conditions.World journal of clinical oncology · 2025Review
- Age-related and postmenopausal breast cancer progression and treatment management: The significance of pro-inflammatory cytokines and CXC chemokines.Genes & diseases · 2025Review
- Iron overload in HFE-related hemochromatosis severely impairs Vδ2+ γδ T-cell homeostasis.Blood · 2025Article
- Targeted expansion of cytotoxic T cells using IL-12 and CD137L supplementation enhances antitumor efficacy.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2025Article
- IL-23 Promotes γδT Cell Activity in Dry Eye Disease Progression.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Characterization of T-cell immune responses againstFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Phosphatidylserine and/or Sialic Acid Modified Liposomes Increase Uptake by Tumor-associated Macrophages and Enhance the Anti-tumor Effect.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2024Article
- Controversial role of γδ T cells in colorectal cancer.American journal of cancer research · 2024Review
- γδ T cell-mediated activation of cDC1 orchestrates CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Gamma/delta T cells as cellular vehicles for anti-tumor immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Review
- Review
- Cytokine-Induced Senescence in the Tumor Microenvironment and Its Effects on Anti-Tumor Immune Responses.Cancers · 2022Review
- Engineering γδ T Cells: Recognizing and Activating on Their Own Way.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Targeting Cytokine Signals to Enhance γδT Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Abundant IFN-γ secretion, potent cytotoxicity, and major histocompatibility complex-independent targeting of a large spectrum of tumors make γδ T cells attractive candidates for cancer immunotherapy. Upon tumor recognition through the T-cell receptor (TCR), NK-receptors, or NKG2D, γδ T cells generate the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ, or granzymes and perforin that mediate cellular apoptosis. Despite these favorable potentials, most clinical trials testing the adoptive transfer of pharmacologically TCR-targeted and expanded γδ T cells resulted in a limited response. Recently, the TCR-independent activation of γδ T cells was identified. However, the modulation of γδ T cell's effector functions solely by cytokines remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we systematically analyzed the impact of IL-2, IL-12, and IL-18 in parallel with TCR stimulation on proliferation, cytokine production, and anti-tumor activity of γδ T cells. Our results demonstrate that IL-12 and IL-18, when combined, constitute the most potent stimulus to enhance anti-tumor activity and induce proliferation and IFN-γ production by γδ T cells in the absence of TCR signaling. Intriguingly, stimulation with IL-12 and IL-18 without TCR stimulus induces a comparable degree of anti-tumor activity in γδ T cells to TCR crosslinking by killing tumor cells and driving cancer cells into senescence. These findings approve the use of IL-12/IL-18-stimulated γδ T cells for adoptive cell therapy to boost anti-tumor activity by γδ T cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.