ArticleAnnals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology2020
Racial disparities in allergic outcomes persist to age 10 years in black and white children.
Article in Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Opioid Misuse and Asthma and Allergic Diseases in College Students: The Role of Race and Ethnicity.AJPM focus · 2026Article
- Associations between genetic ancestry and allergic outcomes at 10 years among Black children.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2026Article
- Associations between body weight, asthma burden, and type 2 inflammation among under-resourced children.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2026Article
- Distinct skin microbiome signatures in Black and White children with food allergy and asthma.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2025Article
- Associations between in-home environmental exposures and lung function in a safety net population of children with asthma using electronic health records and geospatial data.Annals of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Total Serum IgE in a Cohort of Children With Food Allergy.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2025Observational
- Race-Specific and Race-Neutral Equations for Lung Function and Asthma Diagnosis in Black Children.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Racial and ethnic disparities in dupilumab for pediatric atopic dermatitis in Florida.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2024Article
- Early life risk factors of Atopic March in a high-risk, minority, urban, low-income, prospective birth cohort.Allergy · 2024Article
- Long-term ozone exposure and lung function in middle childhood.Environmental research · 2024Article
- Impact of Spirometry Race-Correction on Preadolescent Black and White Children.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2023Article
- A Qualitative Study to Inform Development of a Behavioral Intervention to Promote Food Allergy Self-Management and Adjustment among Early Adolescents.Clinical practice in pediatric psychology · 2023Article
- Duration of exposure to epidural anesthesia at delivery, DNA methylation in umbilical cord blood and their association with offspring asthma in Non-Hispanic Black women.Environmental epigenetics · 2023Article
- Longitudinal atopic dermatitis endotypes: An atopic march paradigm that includes Black children.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2022Article
- Pre- and Postnatal Vitamin D Status and Allergy Outcomes in Early Childhood.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Increased risk of asthma at age 10 years for children sensitized to multiple allergens.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2021Article
- One march, many paths: Insights into allergic march trajectories.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2021Review
- Unsupervised modeling and genome-wide association identify novel features of allergic march trajectories.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2021Article
- Advancing Food Allergy Through Epidemiology: Understanding and Addressing Disparities in Food Allergy Management and Outcomes.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2021Review
- An Updated Scoping Review of Disparities in Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis.Pediatric dermatologyArticle
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrevious analyses in the WHEALS birth cohort demonstrated that black children are more likely to experience allergic outcomes than white children by age 2 years. The results could not be explained by a host of variables.
objectiveAssess whether racial disparities persisted to age 10 years and determine whether any differences could be explained by a panel of variables related to early life exposures in WHEALS.
methodsAt age 10 years, WHEALS children (n = 481) completed skin prick testing, spirometry and methacholine challenge, and a physician examination for eczema and asthma. Allergen-specific immunoglobulin Es (sIgE) and total IgE were measured. Inverse probability weighting with logistic and linear regression models was used to assess associations between race (black or white) and the outcomes.
resultsBlack children fared worse than white children with respect to each outcome. Black children were more likely to have eczema, asthma, sensitization (≥1 sIgE ≥ 0.35 IU/L) and at least 1 positive skin pick test; however, some variability was present in the magnitudes of association within subgroups defined by delivery mode, sex of the child, prenatal indoor dog exposure, and firstborn status. In some subgroups, black children were also more likely to have higher total IgE and worse pulmonary function test measures (PC 20 ≤ 25 mg/mL, % predicted forced vital capacity [FVC], forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV
conclusionRacial differences persisted in this cohort through age 10 years. Future studies should include potentially important, but rarely studied factors such as segregation and structural racism, because these factors could explain the observed racial differences.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.