Trial reportMaternal & child nutrition2020
The effect of a combined intervention on exclusive breastfeeding in primiparas: A randomised controlled trial.
Trial report in Maternal & child nutrition, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of remote breastfeeding guidance on breastfeeding rates and neonatal health: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- The effect of antenatal interventions on breastfeeding self-efficacy of first-time mothers: a systematic review.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The effectiveness of real-time telelactation intervention on breastfeeding outcomes among employed mothers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of Prenatal Breastfeeding Education on Breastfeeding Duration Beyond 12 Weeks: A Systematic Review.Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education · 2024Pooled it
- Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- The Value of Mobile Health in Improving Breastfeeding Outcomes Among Perinatal or Postpartum Women: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of Educational Program on Maternal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of community based nursing and midwifery · 2025Trial
- Conditional and Unconditional Social Transfers, Early-Life Nutrition, and Child Growth: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA pediatrics · 2025Trial
- The effect of a combined intervention on exclusive breastfeeding in primiparas: A randomised controlled trial.Maternal & child nutrition · 2020Trial
- Article
- Interventions Aiming to Improve Breastfeeding Duration Among Primiparous Women: A Scoping Review.Pediatric reports · 2026Review
- A Scoping Review of Instruments Used to Measure Weight and Body Composition in Infants Under 1 Year.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Article
- Social Transfers for Exclusive Breastfeeding in Brazil: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Effects of lifestyle intervention by a nurse-led app on the prevention of symptoms in postpartum women: a randomized controlled trial.BMC nursing · 2025Article
- The need for educational intervention for breastfeeding women and the professional practice of midwives in France to promote breastfeeding: A joint explanatory study.European journal of midwifery · 2024Article
- The Effect of Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy on Infants' Weights and Breastfeeding Outcomes.Turkish archives of pediatrics · 2023Article
- Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding in Israel during the COVID-19 pandemic: a subset of the IMAgiNE EURO cross-sectional study.International breastfeeding journal · 2023Observational
- Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Clinical Protocol #2: Guidelines for Birth Hospitalization Discharge of Breastfeeding Dyads, Revised 2022.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2022Article
- The Effect of Educational Intervention on Improvement of Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Obstetrics and gynecology international · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
An antenatal/postnatal intervention involving proactive telephone support and written materials was conducted among primiparas. Four hundred women, from the Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia, were randomized between November 2013 and December 2016 into three groups: intervention (IG), active control (ACG) and standard care (SCG). Primary outcome was exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) at 3 months. Secondary outcomes included breastfeeding difficulties, attitudes towards infant feeding, breastfeeding self-efficacy and social support. Practice staff were blinded to group allocation. Of 400 women, 45 (11%) were lost to follow-up, and final analyses were conducted on 129 (IG), 103 (ACG) and 123 (SCG) participants. EBF rates at 3 months were significantly higher for the IG (odds ratio [OR] 4.6, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.7 to 8.1; EBF 81%) as well as at 6 months (OR 15.7, 95% CI, 9.1 to 27.1; EBF 64%) compared with SCG (EBF 47% at 3 months and 3% at 6 months). Higher rates were also observed for the ACG at 3 months (OR 2.2, 95% CI, 1.3 to 3.8, EBF 68%) and 6 months (OR 2.3, 95% CI, 1.4 to 3.9, EBF 16%). Participants in the IG had the highest increase in positive attitudes towards infant feeding, in comparison to baseline, and significantly higher breastfeeding self-efficacy. Participants in SCG experienced significantly more breastfeeding difficulties, both at 3 and 6 months, in comparison to AC and IGs. Written breastfeeding materials and proactive telephone support among primiparas are an effective means of increasing breastfeeding rates, decreasing breastfeeding difficulties and improving self-efficacy and attitudes towards infant feeding.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.