ArticleScientific reports2020
The Male Warrior Hypothesis: Testosterone-related Cooperation and Aggression in the Context of Intergroup Conflict.
Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Moral judgment and hormones: A systematic literature review.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- Neural synchronization and its impact on intergroup attitudes in dynamic interactions.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Stress, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, and aggression.Metabolic brain disease · 2024Review
- Intranasal oxytocin interacts with testosterone reactivity to modulate parochial altruism.Communications psychology · 2024Article
- The effect of intergroup competition outcome on ingroup cooperation: insights from the male warrior hypothesis.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- First osteological evidence of severed hands in Ancient Egypt.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Sex bias in intergroup conflict and collective movements among social mammals: male warriors and female guides.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2022Article
- The Relationship between Androgen Receptor Gene Polymorphism, Aggression and Social Status in Young Men and Women.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Was facial width-to-height ratio subject to sexual selection pressures? A life course approach.PloS one · 2021Article
- Gender differences in a wide range of trauma symptoms after victimization and accidental traumas: a cross-sectional study in a clinical setting.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2021Article
- Sexual Dimorphism in Language, and the Gender Shift Hypothesis of Homosexuality.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- The Brain Emotional Systems in Addictions: From Attachment to Dominance/Submission Systems.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2020Article
- Collective self-assessment in banded mongoose intergroup contests.Behavioral ecology : official journal of the International Society for Behavioral EcologyArticle
- Is History the Same as Evolution? No. Is it Independent of Evolution? Certainly Not.Evolutionary psychology : an international journal of evolutionary approaches to psychology and behaviorArticle
- Perception of Emergent Leaders' Faces and Evolution of Social Cheating: Cross-Cultural Experiments.Evolutionary psychology : an international journal of evolutionary approaches to psychology and behaviorArticle
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9 authors.
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Abstract
The Male Warrior Hypothesis (MWH) establishes that men's psychology has been shaped by inter-group competition to acquire and protect reproductive resources. In this context, sex-specific selective pressures would have favored cooperation with the members of one's group in combination with hostility towards outsiders. We investigate the role of developmental testosterone, as measured indirectly through static markers of prenatal testosterone (2D:4D digit ratio) and pubertal testosterone (body musculature and facial masculinity), on both cooperation and aggressive behavior in the context of intergroup conflict among men. Supporting the MWH, our results show that the intergroup conflict scenario promotes cooperation within group members and aggression toward outgroup members. Regarding the hormonal underpinnings of this phenomenon, we find that body musculature is positively associated with aggression and cooperation, but only for cooperation when context (inter-group competition) is taken into account. Finally, we did not find evidence that the formidability of the group affected individual rates of aggression or cooperation, controlling for individual characteristics.
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