ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2020
Opioid system is necessary but not sufficient for antidepressive actions of ketamine in rodents.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 151 citations in OpenAlex.
- Is the antidepressant efficacy of ketamine and esketamine mediated via opioid mechanisms?European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2026Pooled it
- The disappointment centre of the brain gets exciting: a systematic review of habenula dysfunction in depression.Translational psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of naltrexone pretreatment on ketamine-induced glutamatergic activity and symptoms of depression: a randomized crossover study.Nature medicine · 2025Trial
- Antidepressant efficacy of ketamine plus naltrexone for major depression comorbid with alcohol use disorder: a randomized controlled trial.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Trial
- Habenula Connectivity and Intravenous Ketamine in Treatment-Resistant Depression.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2021Trial
- κ-Opioid Receptor Plasma Levels Are Associated With Sex and Diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder But Not Response to Ketamine.Journal of clinical psychopharmacologyTrial
- Pleiotropic modulation of the gut-brain-lung axis by ketamine and its enantiomers.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Molecular snapshots confirm ketamine's opioid nature.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2026Article
- Rapid antidepressant potential of nitrous oxide: current state and major questions.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Age-related moderation of adjunctive psychotherapy and early life stress effects on depression symptom reductions following ketamine treatment: Initial insights from a large, naturalistic sample.Journal of affective disorders · 2026Article
- Mechanism-guided identification of antidepressant G protein-coupled receptor drug targets.Cell · 2026Article
- Esketamine/Ketamine: Dual-Action Mechanisms and Clinical Prospects beyond Anesthesia in Psychiatry, Immunology, and Oncology.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- GluN2A-NMDA receptor inhibition disinhibits the prefrontal cortex, reduces forced swim immobility, and impairs sensorimotor gating.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Review
- Network pharmacology of cellular targets in major depressive disorder and differential mechanisms of fluoxetine, ketamine and esketamine.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Antidepressants and the endogenous opioid system.Biochemical pharmacology · 2025Review
- Review
- Ketamine Evokes Acute Behavioral Effects Via μ Opioid Receptor-Expressing Neurons of the Central Amygdala.Biological psychiatry · 2025Article
- The therapeutic potential of psilocybin beyond psychedelia through shared mechanisms with ketamine.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Review
- Ketamine-induced static and dynamic functional connectivity changes are modulated by opioid receptors and biological sex in rats.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Slow response to the standard treatment for depression increases suffering and risk of suicide. Ketamine, an
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.