ArticleMalaria journal2020
Resistance status of Anopheles gambiae s.l. to insecticides following the 2011 mass distribution campaign of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) in the Plateau Department, south-eastern Benin.
Article in Malaria journal, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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7 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Mechanism of metabolic resistance in Anopheles coluzzii to insecticides in two urban areas of southern Benin.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Influence of the physicochemical characteristics of mosquito breeding sites in domestic environments on the distributions of Anopheles, Aedes and Culex mosquitoes in Benin.Tropical medicine and health · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) for malaria control in an endemic area in Brazil.Parasites & vectors · 2023Article
- Diversity and behavioral activity of Anopheles mosquitoes on the slopes of Mount Cameroon.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- Assessing Anopheles vector species diversity and transmission of malaria in four health districts along the borders of Côte d'Ivoire.Malaria journal · 2021Article
- Widespread zoophagy and detection of Plasmodium spp. in Anopheles mosquitoes in southeastern Madagascar.Malaria journal · 2021Article
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13 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
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Abstract
backgroundIn 2011, Benin's National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) organized a nationwide mass distribution campaign of LLINs throughout the country. Following this intervention, it was important to assess whether the level of susceptibility of malaria vectors to insecticides had remained the same as compared to the pre-intervention period. The current study investigated this.
methodsLarval collections were conducted in Ifangni, Sakété, Pobè and Kétou districts located in Plateau department, Southeastern Benin before (2009) and after (2012-2013) LLIN distribution. Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) larvae from the 4 study districts were reared to adulthood and WHO susceptibility tests were conducted. The insecticides tested were deltamethrin (0.05%), permethrin (0.75%), bendiocarb (0.1%) and DDT (4%). Molecular species identification as well as, the characterization of the kdr L1014F mutation were also performed in the An. gambiae s.l. complex using PCR method.
resultsOverall, a significant decrease in mortality rates of An. gambiae s.l. to deltamethrin (0.05%), permethrin (0.75%) and DDT (4%) was observed post-LLIN distribution, respectively: (100% vs 80.9%, p < 0.0001), (77.5% vs 70%, p = 0.01) and, (47.8% vs 4.4%, p < 0.0001). By contrast, susceptibility of vectors to bendiocarb (0.1%) remained the same (100% mortality in the WHO susceptibility tube tests) pre- and post-intervention. An increase in the kdr L1014F frequency was observed post-LLIN distribution [F(kdr) = 0.91)] compared to the pre-intervention period [F(kdr) = 0.56], p < 0.0001. Anopheles coluzzii and An. gambiae were the two molecular species identified in the study area.
conclusionThe decrease susceptibility to pyrethroids and DDT as well as, the increase in the frequency of the kdr L1014F mutation after the intervention stressed at the time, the need for the development and implementation of effective insecticide resistance management strategies. At present, an update of the vectors resistance status in the area is also necessary for decision-making.
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