ArticleBMC psychiatry2020
Posttraumatic stress disorder and risk of selected autoimmune diseases among US military personnel.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effects of Jet Fuel Exposure on the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems: A Fit-for-Purpose Systematic Literature Review.Journal of occupational and environmental medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of post-traumatic stress disorder as a risk factor for multiple autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Lifetime posttraumatic stress disorder as a predictor of mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Rapid Reduction in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Severity after Three Fascial Counterstrain Manual Treatments: A Proof-of-Concept Study.Military medicine · 2026Trial
- Childhood trauma and systemic lupus erythematosus activity in Tunisian patients: exploring the mediating role of post-traumatic stress disorder.Lupus science & medicine · 2026Article
- Post-traumatic stress disorder and cardiometabolic dysfunction: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets.iScience · 2026Review
- PTSD-related symptoms in parents of children with systemic lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional study.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Decoding Causal Associations Between Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Posttraumatic stress disorder and epigenetic signatures of inflammation in middle-aged women.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2025Article
- Psychological trauma increases blood pressure sensitivity to angiotensin II via T-lymphocytes independent of psychopathology.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Advanced Imaging Techniques Use in Giant Cell Arteritis Diagnosis: The Experience at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center.Federal practitioner : for the health care professionals of the VA, DoD, and PHS · 2025Article
- Co-Occurring Mental and Physical Health Conditions Among Older Adults With and Without Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A Case Control Study.Journal of geriatric psychiatry and neurology · 2025Article
- Occupational history of psychosocial work environment exposures and risk of autoimmune rheumatic diseases - a Danish register-based cohort study.Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health · 2025Article
- Causal associations between posttraumatic stress disorder and type 2 diabetes.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Psychological trauma increases blood pressure sensitivity to angiotensin II via T-lymphocytes independent of psychopathology.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Article
- Environment, Lifestyles, and Climate Change: The Many Nongenetic Contributors to The Long and Winding Road to Autoimmune Diseases.Arthritis care & research · 2025Review
- Post traumatic stress disorder associated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation and physical illness.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Review
- The association between patterns of exposure to adverse life events and the risk of chronic kidney disease: a prospective cohort study of 140,997 individuals.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Effects of genetically predicted posttraumatic stress disorder on autoimmune phenotypes.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIncreasing evidence suggests a link between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and physical health. Stress disorders may lead to impairment of the immune system and subsequent autoimmune disease. This study investigated the association between PTSD and risk of selected autoimmune diseases (i.e. rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel diseases, and multiple sclerosis) among US active duty service members.
methodsUsing data from the Millennium Cohort Study, incident autoimmune cases between study initiation and September 2015 were identified from medical encounter records in the Military Health System Data Repository (MDR). Participants were classified as having a history of PTSD if they self-reported receiving a health care provider's diagnosis of PTSD or if they screened positive using the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multivariable Cox regression models adjusted for demographics and history of another mental health condition.
resultsAmong 120,572 participants followed for a mean of 5.2 years, risk of any of the selected autoimmune diseases was 58% higher for those with a history of PTSD (HR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.25, 2.01) compared with no history of PTSD. Further adjustment for BMI, smoking status, and alcohol use had little impact on the effect estimates, and results were not appreciably different according to combat experience and history of physical or sexual trauma.
conclusionsActive duty military personnel with PTSD may have an elevated risk of a range of autoimmune diseases, regardless of combat experience or prior trauma. Future research is needed to understand potential mechanisms which may inform future mitigative strategies in reducing extra-neuropsychiatric health problems among those with PTSD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.