ArticleBMC public health2020
District level inequality in reproductive, maternal, neonatal and child health coverage in India.
Article in BMC public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Coverage of continuum of Maternal, Newborn and Child Health (MNCH) care in a nationally representative sample of 40,687 mother-child dyads of India: a report from NFHS-5.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Inequality in Utilization of Maternal Healthcare Services in Low‑ and Middle‑Income Countries: A Scoping Review of the Literature.Maternal and child health journal · 2025Article
- Developing and validating a Women's Health Index for India.Journal of public health policy · 2025Article
- A decade of perinatal mortality in Pakistan: Systematic review of patterns and challenges (2013-2022).Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2025Review
- Is economic inequality in maternal and child healthcare decreasing in India? Trends between 2005-2006, 2015-2016 and 2019-2021.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Tackling global inequalities in maternal hypertensive disorders: trends and the impact of public health emergencies, 1990-2021.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Measuring spatial inequalities in maternal and child mortalities in Pakistan: evidence from geographically weighted regression.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Reproductive and child health transition among selected empowered action groups states of India: A district-level analysis.PloS one · 2024Article
- Achieving health equity through healthcare technology: Perspective from India.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2023Review
- Global, regional, and national time trends in incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability for uterine fibroids, 1990-2019: an age-period-cohort analysis for the global burden of disease 2019 study.BMC public health · 2023Article
- A subnational reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health and development atlas of India.Scientific data · 2023Article
- Measurement and mapping of maternal health service coverage through a novel composite index: a sub-national level analysis in India.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Article
- Public health insurance and maternal health care utilization in india: evidence from the 2005-2012 mothers' cohort data.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Article
- Assessing neo-natal mortality trends in Pakistan: an insight using equity lens.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2022Article
- Newborn low birth weight: do socio-economic inequality still persist in India?BMC pediatrics · 2021Article
- Inequity in health care utilization for common childhood illnesses in India: measurement and decomposition analysis using the India demographic and health survey 2015-16.BMC health services research · 2021Article
- Determinants of childhood vaccination in Nagaland, India: a cross-sectional study with multilevel modelling.BMJ open · 2021Article
- Development and validation of a self-reported questionnaire to assess occupational balance in parents of preterm infants.PloS one · 2021Article
- A vulnerability index for COVID-19: spatial analysis at the subnational level in Kenya.BMJ global health · 2020Article
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3 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundAs India already missed maternal and child health related millennium development goals, the maternal and child health outcomes are a matter of concern to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs). This study is focused to assess the gap in coverage and inequality of various reproductive, maternal, neonatal and child health (RMNCH) indicators in 640 districts of India, using data from most recent round of National Family Health Survey.
methodsA composite index named Coverage Gap Index (CGI) was calculated, as the weighted average of eight preventive maternal and child care interventions at different administrative levels. Bivariate and spatial analysis were used to understand the geographical diversity and spatial clustering in districts of India. A socio-economic development index (SDI) was also derived and used to assess the interlinkages between CGI and development. The ratio method was used to assess the socio-economic inequality in CGI and its component at the national level.
resultsThe average national CGI was 26.23% with the lowest in Kerala (10.48%) and highest in Nagaland (55.07%). Almost half of the Indian districts had CGI above the national average and mainly concentrated in high focus states and north-eastern part. From the geospatial analysis of CGI, 122 districts formed hotspots and 164 districts were in cold spot. The poorest households had 2.5 times higher CGI in comparison to the richest households and rural households have 1.5 times higher CGI as compared to urban households.
conclusionEvidence from the study suggests that many districts in India are lagging in terms of CGI and prioritize to achieve the desired level of maternal and child health outcomes. Efforts are needed to reduce the CGI among the poorest and rural resident which may curtail the inequality.
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