ArticleCells2020
RK-33 Is a Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agent That Targets DEAD-Box RNA Helicase DDX3X.
Article in Cells, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spatially Constrained Monte Carlo Permutation Test Reveals Diffusion Changes Near Stress Granules.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A pan-viral map of host dependency factors from multi-omics integration and machine learning across influenza A, SARS-CoV-2, Zika, and dengue viruses.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- RK-33 inhibits the OC43 coronavirus and induces stress granules via DDX3X-independent mechanisms.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Designing Scalable Mechano-Virucidal Nanostructured Acrylic Surfaces for Enhanced Viral Inactivation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Exploiting host kinases to combat dengue virus infection and disease.Antiviral research · 2025Review
- DEAD-Box Helicase 3 Modulates the Non-Coding RNA Pool in Ribonucleoprotein Condensates During Stress Granule Formation.Non-coding RNA · 2025Article
- Repurposing Biomolecules fromInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- AnBioengineering & translational medicine · 2025Article
- Established and Emerging Roles of DEAD/H-Box Helicases in Regulating Infection and Immunity.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Inhibiting the RNA helicase DDX3X in Burkitt lymphoma induces oxydative stress and impedes tumor progression in xenografts.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Article
- RNA-RNA interactions between respiratory syncytial virus and miR-26 and miR-27 are associated with regulation of cell cycle and antiviral immunity.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Review
- Article
- Prokaryotic Expression and Affinity Purification of DDX3 Protein.Protein and peptide letters · 2024Article
- Characteristics and prognosis of rrDLBCL with TP53 mutations and a high-risk subgroup represented by the co-mutations of DDX3X-TP53.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
- Recent advances in applying G-quadruplex for SARS-CoV-2 targeting and diagnosis: A review.International journal of biological macromolecules · 2022Review
- The multifaceted roles of NLRP3-modulating proteins in virus infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- RK-33, a small molecule inhibitor of host RNA helicase DDX3, suppresses multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- DEAD-ly Affairs: The Roles of DEAD-Box Proteins on HIV-1 Viral RNA Metabolism.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- DDX3X structural analysis: Implications in the pharmacology and innate immunity.Current research in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Viral disease is one of the greatest burdens for human health worldwide, with an urgent need for efficacious antiviral strategies. While antiviral drugs are available, in many cases, they are prone to the development of drug resistance. A way to overcome drug resistance associated with common antiviral therapies is to develop antivirals targeting host cellular co-factors critical to viral replication, such as DEAD-box helicase 3 X-linked (DDX3X), which plays key roles in RNA metabolism and the antiviral response. Here, we use biochemical/biophysical approaches and infectious assays to show for the first time that the small molecule RK-33 has broad-spectrum antiviral action by inhibiting the enzymatic activities of DDX3X. Importantly, we show that RK-33 is efficacious at low micromolar concentrations in limiting infection by human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hPIV-3), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV) or West Nile virus (WNV)-for all of which, no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved therapeutic is widely available. These findings establish for the first time that RK-33 is a broad-spectrum antiviral agent that blocks DDX3X's catalytic activities in vitro and limits viral replication in cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.