ReviewPathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2020
Comparative Pathology of West Nile Virus in Humans and Non-Human Animals.
Review in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuroinvasive West Nile virus infections after solid organ transplantation: Single center experience and systematic review.Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society · 2022Pooled it
- Global epidemiology of myocarditis: disparities in age, sex and geography.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Usutu virus promotes West Nile virus replication in Culex pipiens biotype molestus during simultaneous and sequential co-infections.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- A global database of West Nile virus host prevalence and competence.Scientific data · 2026Article
- Vector competence of Belgian Anopheles plumbeus mosquitoes for West Nile virus under different temperature conditions.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Reframing West Nile Virus in Latin America: From Enzootic Evidence to Human Risk-Surveillance Gaps and One Health Actions.Viruses · 2026Review
- Range expansion ofOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Cellular Immune Response in Horses After West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Tissue tropism, pathology, and pathogenesis of West Nile virus infection in saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus).PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- West Nile Virus (WNV): One-Health and Eco-Health Global Risks.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Tracking the Pathways of West Nile Virus: Phylogenetic and Phylogeographic Analysis of a 2024 Isolate from Portugal.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Mono-WNV and combined WNV/TBEV inactivated vaccine efficacy against a wide range of WNV and TBEV strains.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Effects of West Nile virus on behavioral and cognitive performance, cortical Aβ pathology, viral loads, and immune measures of middle-aged NL-G-F/E3 and NL-G-F/E4 mice.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- West Nile virus unmasked: from gene variability to future challenges.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Animal Models of Human Disease 2.0.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- African lineage 1a West Nile virus isolated from crocodiles exhibits low neuroinvasiveness in mice.The Journal of general virology · 2024Article
- CD11b maintains West Nile virus replication through modulation of immune response in human neuroblastoma cells.Virology journal · 2024Article
- Review
- Lessons Learned from West Nile Virus Infection:Vaccinations in Equines and Their Implications for One Health Approaches.Viruses · 2024Review
- Characterization of West Nile virus Koutango lineage from phlebotomine sandflies in Kenya.PloS one · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) continues to be a major cause of human arboviral neuroinvasive disease. Susceptible non-human vertebrates are particularly diverse, ranging from commonly affected birds and horses to less commonly affected species such as alligators. This review summarizes the pathology caused by West Nile virus during natural infections of humans and non-human animals. While the most well-known findings in human infection involve the central nervous system, WNV can also cause significant lesions in the heart, kidneys and eyes. Time has also revealed chronic neurologic sequelae related to prior human WNV infection. Similarly, neurologic disease is a prominent manifestation of WNV infection in most non-human non-host animals. However, in some avian species, which serve as the vertebrate host for WNV maintenance in nature, severe systemic disease can occur, with neurologic, cardiac, intestinal and renal injury leading to death. The pathology seen in experimental animal models of West Nile virus infection and knowledge gains on viral pathogenesis derived from these animal models are also briefly discussed. A gap in the current literature exists regarding the relationship between the neurotropic nature of WNV in vertebrates, virus propagation and transmission in nature. This and other knowledge gaps, and future directions for research into WNV pathology, are addressed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.