ReviewSpinal cord series and cases2020
Anal reflex versus bulbocavernosus reflex in evaluation of patients with spinal cord injury.
Review in Spinal cord series and cases, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- IUGA International Guidelines on Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- S2, S3, and S4 Sacral Dermatomal Evoked Potentials: Technical Parameters and Normative Values.Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society · 2026Article
- What is the clinical meaning of a negative bulbocavernosus reflex in spinal cord injury patients?Spinal cord series and cases · 2022Article
- To Explore the Diagnostic Value of Bulbocavernosus Muscle Reflex and Pudendal Somatosensory Evoked Potentials for Diabetic Neurogenic Bladder.Disease markers · 2022Article
- Bulbocavernosus or anal reflex, one or both should be tested after spinal cord injury.Spinal cord series and cases · 2020Review
- International Standards to document Autonomic Function following SCI (ISAFSCI): Second Edition.Topics in spinal cord injury rehabilitationArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The examination of sacral reflexes provides an important method to differentiate an upper motor neuron vs lower motor neuron spinal cord injury (SCI). Two common sacral mediated reflexes used as part of the neurological assessment include the bulbocavernosus reflex (BCR) and anal reflex. As the clinical information from these tests are similar, we suggest that the anal reflex provides a better first option as a non-invasive clinical assessment of sacral reflex status in clinical practice in SCI as the testing for the anal reflex is less intrusive and already being performed as part of the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) by pinprick stimulation of the S4-5 dermatome.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.