Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31932687›Full record

ArticleNature human behaviour2020

The compendium of self-enactable techniques to change and self-manage motivation and behaviour v.1.0.

Keegan Knittle, Matti Heino, Marta M Marques, Minna Stenius, Marguerite Beattie, Franziska Ehbrecht, Martin S Hagger, Wendy Hardeman, Nelli Hankonen

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Nature human behaviour, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
59citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

59 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  6. Trial
  7. Effect of recreational sport and physical activity participation on well-being during early parenthood: a randomized controlled trial.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2025
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  9. Improving Hand Hygiene Behavior Using a Novel Theory-Based Intervention During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2022
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Keegan KnittleFaculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2108-7112
Matti HeinoFaculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0094-2455
Marta M MarquesADAPT Research Centre and Trinity Centre for Practice & Health Care Innovation, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4797-9557
Minna SteniusFaculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
Marguerite BeattieFaculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9224-9684
Franziska EhbrechtFaculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9368-9772
Martin S HaggerSchool of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2685-1546
Wendy HardemanSchool of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6498-9407
Nelli HankonenFaculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. nelli.hankonen@helsinki.fi.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8464-2478

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Behaviour change techniques describe the content of behaviour change interventions, but do not adequately account for the actions that people must themselves undertake to successfully change or self-manage motivation or behaviour. This paper describes the development of a compendium of self-enactable techniques, combining behaviour- and motivation-regulation techniques across six existing classifications of behaviour change techniques and three scoping reviews. The compendium includes 123 techniques, each of which is labelled, defined and presented with instructive examples to facilitate self-enactment. Qualitative feedback was gathered from intervention developers and the general public to improve the utility, congruence and ease of self-enactability of the techniques. This integrative index of self-enactable techniques can assist intervention developers in selecting appropriate self-directed techniques to help people self-manage their motivation and behaviour. Future research with this compendium can expand on the number of behaviours covered by the instructive examples and link techniques with their potential impacts on factors that influence behaviours.

Indexed as

Health BehaviorSelf-ControlSelf-ManagementAdultHealth PromotionHumansMotivationSystematic Reviews as Topic

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.